Three decades of hepatitis B control with vaccination

Meireles, Liliane; Marinho, Rui Tato; Damme, Pierre Van

doi:10.4254/wjh.v7.i18.2127

Cited by 106 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Vaccines containing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) have been available since the early eighties. Their widespread use in infant immunization programmes has led to a decline in acute and chronic HBV infection and related morbidity and mortality . The childhood incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma decreased significantly after implementation of universal hepatitis B vaccination in Taiwan and other countries …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of HBsAg‐specific antibodies and immune memory two to three decades after hepatitis B vaccination in adults

Damme

Dionne

Leroux‐Roels

et al. 2019

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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The duration of protection after hepatitis B vaccination is not exactly known. This phase IV study evaluated antibody persistence and immune memory 20‐30 years after adult immunization with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (HBsAg vaccine, Engerix‐B) in routine clinical practice. Men and women 40‐60 years old, with documented evidence of vaccination with three or four HBsAg vaccine doses 20‐30 years earlier and without subsequent booster, were enrolled and received HBsAg vaccine as challenge dose. HBsAg‐specific antibodies (anti‐HBs) and frequencies of HBsAg‐specific circulating memory B cells and CD4+ T cells expressing combinations of activation markers (CD40L, IL2, IFNγ, TNFα) were measured prechallenge, 7 and 30 days postchallenge. Of 101 participants in the according‐to‐protocol cohort for immunogenicity, 90.1% had anti‐HBs concentrations ≥ 10 mIU/mL prechallenge administration; 84.2% and 100% mounted an anamnestic response 7 and 30 days postchallenge, respectively. HBsAg‐specific memory B and CD4+ T cells expressing at least two activation markers were low prechallenge and increased markedly postchallenge. These results suggest sustained immune memory and long‐term protection 20‐30 years after a complete primary HBsAg vaccination course during adulthood, in line with current recommendations that a booster is not needed in fully vaccinated immunocompetent adults.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of HBsAg‐specific antibodies and immune memory two to three decades after hepatitis B vaccination in adults

Damme

Dionne

Leroux‐Roels

et al. 2019

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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“…For example, in the case of HPV‐caused cervical cancer or HBV‐related HCC, the bivalent and quadrivalent HPV vaccines protect against 66% of HPV‐associated cervical cancers and a new nonvalent vaccine protects against an additional 15% of cervical cancers (106, 107). At least 179 countries have added HBV vaccination to their routine vaccination programs, with results showing an effective reduction in infection and chronicity rates and related complications (108). Unfortunately, ∼5–10% of individuals do not respond to currently available vaccines (109).…”

Section: Clinical Application and Anti‐emt Targeted Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is regulated by oncoviruses in cancer

et al. 2016

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The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), defined as transdifferentiation of epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells, is critical for embryonic development, wound healing, tissue regeneration, organ fibrosis, and cancer progression. Recently, the role of EMT in carcinogenesis has attracted much attention. Oncoviruses, including human papillomaviruses (HPVs), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and hepatitis B and C viruses (HBVs, HCVs), are known to be involved in the etiology of cancer and have been found to play important roles in cancer metastasis, especially in the EMT process. The HPV encoded oncoproteins E6 and E7 (E6/E7), EBV latent membrane protein-1 and -2A, EBV nuclear antigen, HBV-encoded X antigen, and nonstructural HCV protein 5A are all involved in the regulation of EMT. This review primarily focuses on the role of oncoviruses and their encoded proteins or signaling pathways in the EMT process. Understanding their roles will help us in the development of effective strategies for prevention and treatment of virus-related cancers.-Chen, X., Bode, A. M., Dong, Z., Cao, Y. The epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT) is regulated by oncoviruses in cancer. FASEB J. 30, 3001-3010 (2016

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“…While some cases of HBV can be asymptomatic, chronic infection can lead to cirrhosis and fatal hepatocellular carcinoma . The rate of progression of acute HBV infection to chronic infection is as high as 90% for those perinatally infected . The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that all infants receive the birth‐dose within 24 h of birth, then at two, four and six months of age .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hepatitis B birth‐dose immunisation: Exploring parental refusal

Gilmartin

Daley

Leung

2019

Aust NZ J Obst Gynaeco

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Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) immunisation is the first vaccine of infant life and one of the most commonly refused immunisations on the Australian Immunisation Schedule. Aims To quantify the frequency of declined HBV immunisation birth‐doses, investigate reasons for refusal, and determine information sources used by parents. Materials and Methods A cross‐sectional study using a questionnaire was conducted on postnatal women who declined their newborn's HBV birth‐dose immunisation during December 2016–July 2017 at an Australian tertiary referral hospital. Mothers who were non‐English‐speaking, unwell or medically unstable, or otherwise unavailable were excluded. Results One hundred and thirty‐seven of the 1574 (8.7%) eligible reviewed infants had HBV immunisation birth‐doses documented as declined; 113 mothers consented to complete the questionnaire. The most common reasons for declining the dose were: ‘baby too young’ (55.8%); preference for two, four and six‐month HBV immunisations only (56.6%); perceived low risk of contracting HBV (45.1%); and a fear of ‘overloading’ their baby's immune system (42.5%). General practitioners or nurses/midwives (43.3%) and the internet/media (33.6%) were the predominant information sources consulted, and 58.4% felt satisfied with the information they received antenatally. Eighty‐eight of 113 mothers (77.9%) would still consider future immunisations for their infant. Conclusions The majority of postnatal women decline HBV birth‐dose immunisation for their newborns citing age‐related safety concerns and vaccine misconceptions. Informal information sources such as the internet and media are often consulted. Addressing the need for antenatal and health professional education toward the birth‐dose may be instrumental in improving uptake.

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Three decades of hepatitis B control with vaccination

Cited by 106 publications

References 41 publications

Persistence of HBsAg‐specific antibodies and immune memory two to three decades after hepatitis B vaccination in adults

Persistence of HBsAg‐specific antibodies and immune memory two to three decades after hepatitis B vaccination in adults

The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is regulated by oncoviruses in cancer

The hepatitis B birth‐dose immunisation: Exploring parental refusal

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