Three deep water species of Sporolithon (Sporolithales, Rhodophyta) from the Brazilian continental shelf, with the description of Sporolithon elevatum sp. nov.

Abstract

Nongeniculate calcareous algae are bio-constructors of many marine habitats, some of which are considered biodiversity hotspots. The genus Sporolithon is widely distributed around the world. As part of a review of material from the Brazilian continental shelf we found Sporolithon episoredion, that extend its distribution range into the Atlantic Ocean, Sporolithon ptychoides, which is widely distributed across oceans, and a new species of this genus named Sporolithon elevatum sp. nov. This species presents sorus 2–3 cells elevated above the thallus that sloughs off when senescent, paraphyses with 2–3 cells and a basal layer of elongated cells in areas where sporangia develop. The new species was found at 133 m depth. This study contributes to the understanding of the diversity in this genus and indicates the importance of systematic studies in the framework of conservation programs and evaluation of impacts in an area under exploitation activities.

Corallinapetrales and Corallinapetraceae: A new order and family of coralline red algae including Corallinapetra gabrielii comb. nov.

“…Sterile filaments (paraphyses sensu Verheij 1993) have been observed in all species within the Sporolithales (Henriques et al 2014). Each sporangium is isolated by elongated and heavily calcified paraphyses in sporangial sori (Townsend et al 1995, Harvey et al 2002.…”

The order Corallinales <em>sensu lato</em> (Rhodophyta) in the Iberian Atlantic: current state of knowledge

“…Boreolithon El género que contribuye con más especies en este contexto europeo es Lithophyllum (30 especies), seguido de Jania (16), Mesophyllum (9), Lithothamnion y Phymatolithon (8), y Amphiroa y Pneophyllum (7). Entre las ausencias en el Atlántico ibérico, destacan géneros de distribución septentrional como Ezo, Clathromorphum y Exilicrusta (Adey, 1965;Adey & Johansen, 1972;Chamberlain, 1992Chamberlain, , 1999Irvine & Chamberlain, 1994), así como géneros de distribución meridional y/o tropical como Goniolithon, Haliptilon, Lithoporella, Melyvonnea, Porolithon, Spongites y Sporolithon (Afonso-Carrillo & Sansón, 1999;Kim & al., 2007;Vidal & al., 2008;Langar & al., 2011;Athanasiadis & Ballantine, 2014;Henriques & al., 2014;Maneveldt & Keats, 2014). El Atlántico ibérico no alberga ningún género exclusivo, aunque una especie (Amphiroa vanbosseae) sí que aparece citada únicamente en este territorio a nivel europeo; según Cremades & al.…”

The coralline genera Sporolithon and Heydrichia (Sporolithales, Rhodophyta) clarified by sequencing type material of their generitypes and other species

“…S3 and S4). Based on the several misapplications of the name S. ptychoides to sequenced specimens from other ocean basins, we hypothesize that other specimens attributed to S. ptychoides based on morpho-anatomy from the Mediterranean Sea (Alongi et al 1996), Indonesia (Verheij 1993), South Africa (Keats and Chamberlain 1993), Gulf of Thailand and Andaman Sea (Kaewsuralikhit et al 2012), and Brazil (Nunes et al 2008, Bahia et al 2011, Henriques et al 2014) are also likely different species. Likewise, the taxon reported to be H. woelkerlingii from New Zealand (Nelson et al 2015), far from its type locality of the Western Cape Province, South Africa, is not that species and likely represents an undescribed species.…”

“…, Henriques et al. ) are also likely different species. Likewise, the taxon reported to be H. woelkerlingii from New Zealand (Nelson et al.…”