Three Different Systems Participate in
            <scp>l</scp>
            -Cystine Uptake in
            <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>

Burguière, Pierre; Auger, Sandrine; Hullo, Marie-Françoise; Danchin, Antoine; Martin‐Verstraete, Isabelle

doi:10.1128/jb.186.15.4875-4884.2004

Cited by 87 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…ABC-type transporters yckKJI and ytmKLMN have been shown experimentally to mediate L-cysteine uptake in B. subtilis (Burguiere et al 2004). Interestingly, in B. subtilis, yckKJI is regulated by a CYS-T-box, whereas both yckKJI and ytmKLMN are regulated by MET-T-boxes in C. acetobutylicum and some Lactobacillales, respectively.…”

Section: Transportersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative genomic analysis of T-box regulatory systems in bacteria

Vitreschak

Миронов²,

Lyubetsky³

et al. 2008

RNA

124

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T-box antitermination is one of the main mechanisms of regulation of genes involved in amino acid metabolism in Gram-positive bacteria. T-box regulatory sites consist of conserved sequence and RNA secondary structure elements. Using a set of known Tbox sites, we constructed the common pattern and used it to scan available bacterial genomes. New T-boxes were found in various Gram-positive bacteria, some Gram-negative bacteria (d-proteobacteria), and some other bacterial groups (Deinococcales/Thermales, Chloroflexi, Dictyoglomi). The majority of T-box-regulated genes encode aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Two other groups of T-box-regulated genes are amino acid biosynthetic genes and transporters, as well as genes with unknown function. Analysis of candidate T-box sites resulted in new functional annotations. We assigned the amino acid specificity to a large number of candidate amino acid transporters and a possible function to amino acid biosynthesis genes. We then studied the evolution of the T-boxes. Analysis of the constructed phylogenetic trees demonstrated that in addition to the normal evolution consistent with the evolution of regulated genes, T-boxes may be duplicated, transferred to other genes, and change specificity. We observed several cases of recent T-box regulon expansion following the loss of a previously existing regulatory system, in particular, arginine regulon in Clostridium difficile and methionine regulon in Lactobacillaceae. Finally, we described a new structural class of T-boxes containing duplicated terminator-antiterminator elements and unusual reduced T-boxes regulating initiation of translation in the Actinobacteria.

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Section: Transportersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative genomic analysis of T-box regulatory systems in bacteria

Vitreschak

Миронов²,

Lyubetsky³

et al. 2008

RNA

124

223

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“…The transport of L-cystine has also been recently investigated. Three systems are present in B. subtilis: two ABC transporters, TcyABC and TcyJKLMN; and a symporter, TcyP (4). The TcyJKLMN and TcyP uptake systems are high-affinity transporters with apparent K m values for L-cystine of 2.5 M and 0.6 M, respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The TcyJKLMN and TcyP uptake systems are high-affinity transporters with apparent K m values for L-cystine of 2.5 M and 0.6 M, respectively. In addition, the TcyJKLMN system is involved in the uptake of cystathionine, S-methyl-cysteine, djenkolic acid, and other sulfur compounds (4,47). The tcyJKLMN genes belong to a large operon (operon ytmI), which also encodes a riboflavin kinase, two putative flavin-dependent monooxygenases, a putative acetyltransferase, and a putative amidohydrolase (6,47,50,51).…”

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confidence: 99%

Global Control of Cysteine Metabolism by CymR inBacillus subtilis

et al. 2006

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YrzC has previously been identified as a repressor controlling ytmI expression via its regulation of YtlI activator synthesis in Bacillus subtilis. We identified YrzC as a master regulator of sulfur metabolism. Gene expression profiles of B. subtilis ⌬yrzC mutant and wild-type strains grown in minimal medium with sulfate as the sole sulfur source were compared. In the mutant, increased expression was observed for 24 genes previously identified as repressed in the presence of sulfate. Since several genes involved in the pathways leading to cysteine formation were found, we propose to rename YrzC CymR, for "cysteine metabolism repressor." A CymR-dependent binding to the promoter region of the ytlI, ssuB, tcyP, yrrT, yxeK, cysK, or ydbM gene was demonstrated using gel shift experiments. A potential CymR target site, TAAWNCN 2 ANTWNAN 3 ATMGGAA TTW, was found in the promoter region of these genes. In a DNase footprint experiment, the protected region in the ytlI promoter region contained this consensus sequence. Partial deletion or introduction of point mutations in this sequence confirmed its involvement in ytlI, yrrT, and yxeK regulation. The addition of O-acetylserine in gel shift experiments prevented CymR-dependent binding to DNA for all of the targets characterized. Transcriptome analysis of a ⌬cymR mutant and the wild-type strain also brought out significant changes in the expression level of a large set of genes related to stress response or to transition toward anaerobiosis.

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“…We also identified a novel site upstream of cysD in the S. thermophilus strains, whereas in, for example, S. mutans, the regulation of cysD seems to be mediated by MetR/MtaR. Another conserved relation of CmbR was found with homologs of the gene encoding the ABC transport-related cystine substrate binding protein (6,52). In many streptococci, two CmbR-regulated copies of the gene are present; the first is related to tcyA or yxeM of B. subtilis, and the second is related to tcyJ and tcyK of B. subtilis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…In many streptococci, two CmbR-regulated copies of the gene are present; the first is related to tcyA or yxeM of B. subtilis, and the second is related to tcyJ and tcyK of B. subtilis. The first is associated with the MetR/ MtaR-regulated methionine ABC transport-related operon (49,82), and the second is associated with genes encoding the permease and ATP-binding subunit of a separate cystine ABC transport system (related to tcyLMN in B. subtilis [6]). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Analysis of Cysteine and Methionine Metabolism and Its Regulation in Dairy Starter and Related Bacteria

et al. 2012

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f Sulfuric volatile compounds derived from cysteine and methionine provide many dairy products with a characteristic odor and taste. To better understand and control the environmental dependencies of sulfuric volatile compound formation by the dairy starter bacteria, we have used the available genome sequence and experimental information to systematically evaluate the presence of the key enzymes and to reconstruct the general modes of transcription regulation for the corresponding genes. The genomic organization of the key genes is suggestive of a subdivision of the reaction network into five modules, where we observed distinct differences in the modular composition between the families Lactobacillaceae, Enterococcaceae, and Leuconostocaceae, on the one hand, and the family Streptococcaceae, on the other. These differences are mirrored by the way in which transcription regulation of the genes is structured in these families. In the Lactobacillaceae, Enterococcaceae, and Leuconostocaceae, the main shared mode of transcription regulation is methionine (Met) T-box-mediated regulation. In addition, the gene metK, Many of the characteristic flavors in fermented dairy products such as cheese and yoghurt are the result of metabolic reactions involving sulfur-containing amino acids. The microorganisms applied in these products degrade cysteine and methionine, resulting in the production of flavor components such as methanethiol, dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), and dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS). Insight into the regulatory signals and pathways that control the corresponding metabolic fluxes involved in the formation of these flavor compounds and their precursors is essential to rationally control and steer the flavor profiles of said dairy products.The microorganisms used to produce fermented dairy products belong to the taxonomic order Lactobacillales, which includes the families Enterococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Leuconostocaceae, and Streptococcaceae. Many of the respective species are characterized by the fact that they produce lactic acid and are therefore known as the lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The transcription of genes encoding the proteins that are involved in cysteine and methionine metabolism in lactic acid bacteria and other Lactobacillales is controlled by both regulator-binding and RNA structural switches. In various Streptococcaceae, the LysR-family transcription regulators MtaR and CmbR have been shown to be involved in activation as well as repression of genes such as cysD, cysK, metA, metC, metE, and metF (e.g., for Lactococcus lactis [25,70] and Streptococcus mutans [36,68]). The transcription regulator HomR was reported to control the expression of metB in S. mutans and Streptococcus thermophilus (69). In addition, three types of RNA structural switches for the regulation of cysteine and methionine metabolism have been reported for low-GC-content Grampositive bacteria: the T box, the S box, and the S MK box (14,22,59,77,80). These sequence elements at the 5= untranslated region of an...

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Three Different Systems Participate in l -Cystine Uptake in Bacillus subtilis

Cited by 87 publications

References 38 publications

Comparative genomic analysis of T-box regulatory systems in bacteria

Comparative genomic analysis of T-box regulatory systems in bacteria

Global Control of Cysteine Metabolism by CymR inBacillus subtilis

Computational Analysis of Cysteine and Methionine Metabolism and Its Regulation in Dairy Starter and Related Bacteria

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