“…Factors considered in these studies include nodule characteristics such as size [147, 204, 269, 303, 329, 330], shape [269, 330], and appearance types of solidness [273]; pulmonary deformation due to cardiovascular motion [331] and inspiration [269]; CT reconstruction parameters such as slice thickness [164, 204, 304, 329, 330, 332], slice intervals [164, 204, 304, 332], field of views [164, 204, 304, 332], algorithm types [146, 164, 332], kernel types [273, 304], tube current time [146, 164], and dosage settings [271]; CT scanner vendors [303]; segmentation performance due to choices of threshold parameters in a segmentation algorithm [204, 248], segmentation algorithms [146, 248, 302, 333], segmentation algorithms in the same segmentation software package [272], segmentation software packages [274], and versions of a segmentation software package [270]; intra- and interobserver variations by using a commercial software package for semi-automatic nodule segmentation and volumetry [165, 202, 269]; levels of observer's experience and training [302]. …”