Three dimensional carbon substrate materials for electrolysis of water

Abstract

Water splitting is an important approach for energy conversion to obtain hydrogen and oxygen. Apart from solar water splitting, electrochemical method plays a key role in the booming field, and it is urgent to develop novel and efficient catalysts to accelerate water splitting reaction. Recently, newly emerging self-supported materials, especially three dimensional (3D) carbon substrate electrochemical catalysts, have attracted great attention benefiting from their fantastic catalytic performances, such as large surface area, enhanced conductivity, tunable porosity, and so on. This review summarizes the outstanding materials used for hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction. And catalysts that acted as both anode and cathode in two-electrode systems for overall water splitting are introduced systematically. The opportunities and challenges of 3D carbon substrate materials for electrochemical water splitting are proposed.

MnO2 Nanosheet‐Assembled Hollow Polyhedron Grown on Carbon Cloth for Flexible Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries

“…[27] In addition, structurale ngineering of electrode materials is an effective method to improve their electrochemical activity and kinetics. [33][34][35] For instance, Liu and co-workerss ynthesized Mn 3 O 4 nanorods coated with nitrogen-doped carbon matrix, which delivered high reversible capacity of 97.0 mAh g À1 at 1.0 Ag À1 after 700 cycles. [33] The improved electrochemical performance was attributed to the nitrogen-doped carbon shell and the synergetic effect of Zn 2 + and Mn 2 + in the electrolyte.…”

“…In addition, structural engineering of electrode materials is an effective method to improve their electrochemical activity and kinetics . For instance, Liu and co‐workers synthesized Mn 3 O 4 nanorods coated with nitrogen‐doped carbon matrix, which delivered high reversible capacity of 97.0 mAh g −1 at 1.0 A g −1 after 700 cycles .…”

3D ordered mesoporous cobalt ferrite phosphides for overall water splitting

“…In addition, structural and morphological engineering of electrocatalysts is a vital route to improve the catalytic activity for overall water splitting. Compared with zero dimensional (0D), 1D, and 2D nanocatalysts toward overall water splitting, 3D nanostructures generally possess large specific surface areas, which can be advantageous as the electrocatalysts through exposing abundant active sites [25][26][27][28]. Recently, Cheng et al [29] developed Ni-Fe (hydr)oxide@NiCu electrocatalysts with 3D hierarchical nanoarchitectures with superior activity, owing to the large surface and synergistic effects from the unique structure.…”

Engineering unsymmetrically coordinated Cu-S1N3 single atom sites with enhanced oxygen reduction activity

“…Due to the high atomic utilization, single atom catalysts have gained great attention in heterogeneous catalysis, and significantly, they provide new horizons for the discovery of innovative materials to energy applications [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] . Especially, both theoretical and experimental explorations have suggested that isolated single metal-N x (M-N x ) modified carbon-based materials can serve as desirable oxygen electrocatalysts with promising performance [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] . Particularly, density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate the standard symmetrical planar fourcoordinated structure (denoted as M-N 4 moiety) might serve as the most favorable catalytic site for M-N x catalysts, seemingly supported by plenty of experimental results [30][31][32][33] .…”