Three-dimensional crumpled graphene-based platinum–gold alloy nanoparticle composites as superior electrocatalysts for direct methanol fuel cells

Jang, Hee Dong; Kim, Sun Kyung; Chang, Hyunju; Choi, Jung Chan; Cho, Bong Gyoo; Jo, Eun Hee; Choi, Jeong Woo; Huang, Jiaxing

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2015.06.009

Cited by 81 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…For instance, CrG induced by metal oxide template barely changed its capacitance as current density increasing from 0.5 to 100 A g −1 , because the crumpled form can efficiently provide plentiful, stable interfacial contacts and low-electrical-resistance pathways even under extremely high compressive strength [9,15,32,33]. Additionally, the large free volume enclosed by the crumpled thin layers can be utilized for loading active materials and these cargos can be well protected by the inert graphene sheet, which further extends the potential applications [18,21,27,28,34,35]. Currently, the potential-to-scale-up methods are usually based on top-down transforming the 2D graphene sheet into crumpled ball structure while bottom-up synthetic methods remain for exploration [9,33,36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Using active catalysts as electrode materials is one common strategy to promote oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and for this specific purpose, many catalysts of high potential were synthesized, exhibiting highly comparable performance relative to precious Pt [3][4][5]. Despite the enormous reports on active ORR catalysts, few pay attention onto the packing models of catalytic materials for electrode, while the efficiency of mass transportation especially in ORR was reported to be another key aspect to achieve high performance [6][7][8]. Commonly, too dense packing or overlap might bury the active sites and lead to insufficient usage of active materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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N-doped crumpled graphene: bottom-up synthesis and its superior oxygen reduction performance

Zhang

Jin

et al. 2016

Sci. China Mater.

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The crumpled graphene (CrG) was fabricated by applying defluorination of polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) on highly curved surface of CaC2 particle through bottom-up synthetic strategy. The limited reaction depth between PVDF and CaC2 leads to the formation of CrG with thin layer (3−6 layer graphene) and reasonable high specific surface area (~324.8 m 2 g −1 ). CrG with N incorporation (N-CrG) was applied as electrode material for reducing oxygen (i.e., oxygen reduction reaction, ORR) in alkaline, showing close onset potential to that of Pt/C and better mass-diffusion behavior. Surprisingly, with increased mass loading of catalysts, N-CrG exhibits steady current increase while Pt/C shows clear current plateau. Meanwhile, the N-CrG sample reveals high cycling stability and tolerance to contaminant, demonstrating its high potential for practical applications. Additionally, the bottom-up synthetic pathway to CrG via polymer dehalogenation on solid alkaline may find more applications which require controlled morphology and thickness of deposited thin graphitic carbon layers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N-doped crumpled graphene: bottom-up synthesis and its superior oxygen reduction performance

Zhang

Jin

et al. 2016

Sci. China Mater.

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“…(311) and (222) planes, characteristics of the fcc structure of Au [21,43,47,48]. The PtAu/C electrocatalysts showed diffractograms peaks shifted to lower 2h values when compared to Pt/C, suggesting the PtAu alloy formation as already observed before [49][50][51]. Zhou et al [52] attributed the downshift of XRD patterns to the lattice parameter expansion on the PtAu electrocatalysts.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Use of PtAu/C electrocatalysts toward formate oxidation: electrochemical and fuel cell considerations

Silva

Buzzo

et al. 2016

Mater Renew Sustain Energy

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This study reports the use of PtAu/C electrocatalysts with different atomic ratios (90:10, 70:30 and 50:50) supported on Vulcan XC 72 carbon and prepared by the sodium borohydride method toward formate electrooxidation in alkaline media. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, showing peaks characteristics of Pt and Au face-centered-cubic structures, and also by transmission electron micrographs that show the nanoparticles well dispersed on carbon and a mean particle size between 4 and 5 nm for all electrocatalysts. Electrochemical experiments show PtAu/C as promising catalysts toward formate oxidation, while single cell experiments reveal PtAu/C 90:10 as the best material since it provides a power density higher than Pt/C. The incorporation of Au could increase formate oxidation for more than one reason: (i) a facilitated rupture of C-H bond; (ii) the Au/oxide interface or (iii) by regenerating active sites.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Therefore, through the selection of various components, the developmento fh ierarchicalc omposites with high performance is highly anticipated. [9][10][11] Very recently,c arbon nanotubes (CNTs), GR sheets, andt heir composites have also been investigatedf or high-performance supercapacitors, because of their large surfacea rea and good conductivity. [7,8] In our previous work, we developed an alternative strategy for making GR resist aggregation by crumpling the 2D GR sheets into 3D paper-ball-like structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3 D Network‐Structured Crumpled Graphene/Carbon Nanotube/Polyaniline Composites for Supercapacitors

Jang

Chang

et al. 2017

ChemSusChem

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Crumpled graphene (CGR) is considered a promising supercapacitor material to achieve high power and energy density because it could overcome the disadvantages of 2 D GR sheets such as aggregation during the electrode fabrication process, reduction of the available surface area, and limitation of the electron and ion transport. Even though CGR shows good results, carbon materials are limited in terms of their capacitance performance. Here, we report highly enhanced supercapacitor materials by fabricating a 3 D composite containing CGR, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and polyaniline (PANI). The CNTs increased the basal spacing and bridged the defects for electron transfer between the GR sheets in CGR. PANI can enhance the rate of conduction of electrons and offer high pseudocapacitance originating from its redox reactions. The synergistic effect of the CNTs and PANI may also result in a higher electrochemical capacitance and better stability than each individual component as electrode materials for supercapacitors in a two-electrode system. More importantly, the performance of the supercapacitors can be further enhanced by employing 2 D GR as the binder for the composite electrodes, resulting in specific capacitance of 456 F g , rate capability of 89 %, and cyclic stability of 97 % after 1000 cycles.

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Three-dimensional crumpled graphene-based platinum–gold alloy nanoparticle composites as superior electrocatalysts for direct methanol fuel cells

Cited by 81 publications

References 40 publications

N-doped crumpled graphene: bottom-up synthesis and its superior oxygen reduction performance

N-doped crumpled graphene: bottom-up synthesis and its superior oxygen reduction performance

Use of PtAu/C electrocatalysts toward formate oxidation: electrochemical and fuel cell considerations

3 D Network‐Structured Crumpled Graphene/Carbon Nanotube/Polyaniline Composites for Supercapacitors

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