Three-dimensional displays and stereo vision

Westheimer, Gerald

doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.2777

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…However, the qualitative impression of depth and 3-dimensionality when viewing real scenes or stereoscopic images with both eyes is more compelling; there is a vivid sense of immersive negative space, tangible solid objects, and realness. This perceptual impression (stereopsis) is conventionally attributed to processing of binocular disparities to derive depth and 3D form (Ponce and Born, 2008; Westheimer, 2011; Wheatstone, 1838). However, there have been wide-ranging reports of the impression of stereopsis in the absence of binocular disparities, specifically when viewing a pictorial image with one eye through a reduction aperture (Ames, 1925; Koenderink, 1998; Michotte, 1991, 1948; Schlosberg, 1941; Vishwanath and Hibbard, 2013; da Vinci, cited in Wade et al, 2001; Wheatstone, 1838; see caption Figure 1), suggesting that it is not uniquely tied to processing of disparities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociating neural activity associated with the subjective phenomenology of monocular stereopsis: an EEG study

Uji

Jentzsch

Redburn

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstracts 1The subjective phenomenology associated with stereopsis, of solid tangible objects separated 2 by a palpable negative space, is conventionally thought to be a by-product of the derivation of 3 depth from binocular disparity. However, the same qualitative impression has been reported 4 in the absence of disparity, e.g., when viewing pictorial images monocularly through an 5 aperture. Here we aimed to explore if we could identify dissociable neural activity associated 6 with the qualitative impression of stereopsis, in the absence of the processing of binocular 7 disparities. We measured EEG activity while subjects viewed pictorial (non-stereoscopic) 8 images of 2D and 3D geometric forms under four different viewing conditions (Binocular, 9 Monocular, Binocular aperture, Monocular aperture). EEG activity was analysed by 10 oscillatory source localization (beamformer technique) to examine power change in occipital 11 and parietal regions across viewing and stimulus conditions in targeted frequency bands 12 (alpha: 8-13Hz & gamma: 60-90Hz). We observed expected event-related gamma 13 synchronization and alpha desynchronization in occipital cortex and predominant gamma 14 synchronization in parietal cortex across viewing and stimulus conditions. However, only the 15 viewing condition predicted to generate the strongest impression of stereopsis (monocular 16 aperture) revealed significantly elevated gamma synchronization within the parietal cortex for 17 the critical contrasts (3D vs. 2D form). These findings suggest dissociable neural processes 18 specific to the qualitative impression of stereopsis as distinguished from disparity processing. 19 20 Keywords 21 Stereopsis, Monocular aperture, EEG, qualitative impression, parietal cortex, gamma 22 synchronization 23 1 Ames, A., 1925.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociating neural activity associated with the subjective phenomenology of monocular stereopsis: an EEG study

Uji

Jentzsch

Redburn

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Some displays need additional viewing aids, such as polarizing, shutter, or anaglyph glasses to separate the images. Methods that do not depend on viewing aids (autostereoscopic displays) use alternate narrow strips containing the images for the left and the right eyes and deviating their optical paths for each eye [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autostereoscopic 3D visualization and image processing system for neurosurgery

Meyer

Kuß²,

Uhlemann³

et al. 2013

Biomedizinische Technik/Biomedical Engineering

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A demonstrator system for planning neurosurgical procedures was developed based on commercial hardware and software. The system combines an easy-to-use environment for surgical planning with high-end visualization and the opportunity to analyze data sets for research purposes. The demonstrator system is based on the software AMIRA. Specific algorithms for segmentation, elastic registration, and visualization have been implemented and adapted to the clinical workflow. Modules from AMIRA and the image processing library Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit (ITK) can be combined to solve various image processing tasks. Customized modules tailored to specific clinical problems can easily be implemented using the AMIRA application programming interface and a self-developed framework for ITK filters. Visualization is done via autostereoscopic displays, which provide a 3D impression without viewing aids. A Spaceball device allows a comfortable, intuitive way of navigation in the data sets. Via an interface to a neurosurgical navigation system, the demonstrator system can be used intraoperatively. The precision, applicability, and benefit of the demonstrator system for planning of neurosurgical interventions and for neurosurgical research were successfully evaluated by neurosurgeons using phantom and patient data sets.

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“…Zone Y represents the zone in which the user observes a double image but can still roughly perceive depth. When the crossing point is located in zone Z, the user observes a double image and in general cannot determine the depth location …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the crossing point is located in zone Z, the user observes a double image and in general cannot determine the depth location. 1 For stereoscopic display applications, it is important to know the range of the binocular disparity for zone X. To determine this range, Panum's fusional area experiments have been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental determination of the range of binocular disparity for which stereoscopic fusion occurs at a viewing distance of 2.5 m for a stereoscopic TV

Kang

Hong

2013

J Soc Info Display

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-The threshold for binocular disparity for which a participant can observe a clear stereoscopic image on a 3D TV using Patterned Retarder technology and polarizing eyeglasses is determined for a viewing distance of 2.5 m. An optotype, the letter "m" with a line thickness of 1.08 mm in the upward or downward direction, was used as the stereoscopic stimulus. Under the measurement conditions of the increase and decrease of binocular disparity of the stereoscopic stimulus, the binocular disparity thresholds for 40 participants were measured for the horizontal direction. Most of the participants were in their twenties. The thresholds were measured to be slightly larger for the condition of increasing binocular disparity compared with the condition of decreasing binocular disparity. Personal differences were measured to be noticeable.

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Three-dimensional displays and stereo vision

Cited by 31 publications

References 26 publications

Dissociating neural activity associated with the subjective phenomenology of monocular stereopsis: an EEG study

Dissociating neural activity associated with the subjective phenomenology of monocular stereopsis: an EEG study

Autostereoscopic 3D visualization and image processing system for neurosurgery

Experimental determination of the range of binocular disparity for which stereoscopic fusion occurs at a viewing distance of 2.5 m for a stereoscopic TV

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