Three-dimensional dynamic modeling and transport analysis of solid oxide fuel cells under electrical load change

Bae, Yonggyun; Lee, Sanghyeok; Yoon, Kyung Joong; Lee, Jong Ho; Hong, Jongsup

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2018.03.064

Cited by 52 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…It is worth noting that the electrochemical reactions are not activated during the heat-up process [15,20,26,27]. Equation ( 4) shows the conservation of mass, where ⃗ 𝑢, t, and 𝜀 represent velocity vector, time and the porosity of porous medium, respectively [15,28,38]. In addition, 𝜌 denotes gas density that is obtained from the ideal gas law as shown in Equation ( 5), where 𝑃, 𝑇, and 𝑅 are pressure, absolute temperature and gas constant, respectively [15,38]:…”

Section: Governing Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equation ( 6) expresses the conservation of momentum, where 𝜇 and 𝑆 𝑀 show the dynamic viscosity and the momentum source term in porous regions, respectively. The latter is calculated as shown in Equation (7), where 𝛽 denotes the permeability of porous region [15,28,38]:…”

Section: Governing Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The energy equation, shown in Equation ( 8), is solved for the whole computational domain, and 𝐶 𝑝,𝑒𝑓𝑓 is the effective specific heat capacity at a constant pressure [15,38,39]:…”

Section: Governing Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the simple model of Equation 10, which gives an upper bound for thermal conductivity, is used to estimate the thermal conductivity of porous media. The selected model has also been used for fuel cell simulation by various studies such as [12,15,28,38,39].…”

Section: Flow Channel Heightmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulation‐based multiobjective management of transient heating process of solid oxide fuel cell

Hami

Mahmoudimehr

2023

Fuel Cells

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A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) needs to be heated to an appropriate temperature (around 600°C) before it is switched to start‐up mode. A fast heat‐up process, which is naturally of interest, can cause high temperature gradients inside the SOFC and the subsequent problems of cracking and delamination. Therefore, in order for the heat‐up process to be efficiently managed, the opposing objectives (heat‐up duration and temperature gradient) have to be considered simultaneously. The present study investigates the influences of the type of temperature rise function and the average rate of temperature rise (ARTR) on each objective (heat‐up duration and temperature gradient). Beside the simple linear temperature rise function of heating fluid considered in previous studies, some innovative nonlinear functions are also introduced and examined in the present study. The results indicate that the rotated‐exponential temperature function with an ARTR of 5 K s−1 and the linear temperature function with an ARTR of 0.1 K s−1 are the best choices in terms of heat‐up duration and temperature gradient, respectively. This study also attempts to make a compromise between the two objectives and introduces the rotated‐quadratic temperature function with an ARTR of 0.4 K s−1 as a representative trade‐off solution.

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Section: Governing Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Governing Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Governing Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flow Channel Heightmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Simulation‐based multiobjective management of transient heating process of solid oxide fuel cell

Hami

Mahmoudimehr

2023

Fuel Cells

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“…However, most of these results are related to steady-state operations, while there is a rapidly increasing interest in the use of SOFC systems in off-grid applications instead of base load. All of the issues related to fuel cell degradation become more challenging when considering dynamic operating conditions and, in particular, sudden changes in the electrical demand of the system (Bae et al, 2018). This is due to two, main phenomena: load cycling and thermal cycling Hawkes et al (2009).…”

Section: Dynamic Response Of Sofc-based Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cogeneration System Based on Solid Oxide and Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells With Hybrid Storage for Off-Grid Applications

2019

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Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) have developed to a mature technology, able to achieve electrical efficiencies beyond 60%. This makes them particularly suitable for off-grid applications, where SOFCs can supply both electricity and heat at high efficiency. Concerns related to lifetime, particularly when operated dynamically, and the high investment cost are however still the main obstacles toward a widespread adoption of this technology. In this paper, we propose a hybrid cogeneration system that attempts to overcome these limitations, in which the SOFC mainly provides the baseload of the system. Introducing a purification unit allows the production and storage of pure hydrogen from the SOFC anode off-gas. The hydrogen can be stored, and used in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) during peak demands. The SOFC system is completed with a battery, used during periods of high electricity production. We propose the use of a mixed integer-linear optimization framework for the sizing of the different components of the system, and particularly for identifying the optimal trade-off between round-trip efficiency and investment cost of the battery-based and hydrogen-based storage systems. The proposed system is applied and optimized to two case studies: an off-grid dwelling, and a cruise ship. The results show that, if the SOFC is used as the main energy conversion technology of the system, the use of hydrogen storage in combination with a PEMFC and a battery is more economically convenient compared to the use of the SOFC in stand-alone mode, or of pure battery storage. The results show that the proposed hybrid storage solution makes it possible to reduce the investment cost of the system, while maintaining the use of the SOFC as the main energy source of the system.

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High Temperature Solid Oxide Electrolysis – Technology and Modeling

Mueller,

Klinsmann,

Sauter

et al. 2023

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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In the global quest to renounce from fossil fuels, a large demand for the renewable production of hydrogen via water electrolysis exists. In this context, the solid oxide electrolyzer (SOE) is an interesting technology due to its high efficiency resulting from elevated operating temperatures of up to 900 °C. Physical modeling plays a vital role in the development of SOEs, as it lowers experimental costs and provides insight where measurements reach limits. A main challenge for modeling SOEs is the multitude of physical effects, occurring and interacting on various spatial and temporal scales. This requires assumptions and simplifications, particularly when increasing scope and dimensions of a model. In this review, we discuss the different approaches currently available in literature.

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Three-dimensional dynamic modeling and transport analysis of solid oxide fuel cells under electrical load change

Cited by 52 publications

References 67 publications

Simulation‐based multiobjective management of transient heating process of solid oxide fuel cell

Simulation‐based multiobjective management of transient heating process of solid oxide fuel cell

A Cogeneration System Based on Solid Oxide and Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells With Hybrid Storage for Off-Grid Applications

High Temperature Solid Oxide Electrolysis – Technology and Modeling

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