Three-dimensional echocardiography–guided beating-heart surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass: A feasibility study

Abstract

Real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography provides adequate imaging and anatomic detail to act as a sole guide for surgical task performance. These initial experiments demonstrate the feasibility of beating-heart direct or patch closure of atrial septal defects and mitral valve plasty without cardiopulmonary bypass.

Clinical value of stereoscopic three-dimensional echocardiography in assessment of atrial septal defects: Feasibility and efficiency

“…As standard 3D ultrasound image is a plan view and lacks a sense of space, so conventional 3D image can only show two-dimensional (vertical and transverse) relations of tissue structures, while it present the adjacent and far-away hierarchical structures mainly by means of shadow and brightness [10][11][12][13] . S-3DE can vividly and clearly present the nearby and distant, and spatial relationships of tissue structures and thereby greatly enhance the resolution of 3D images.…”

Transesophageal Real-Time Three-Dimensional Echocardiography

“…The development of new surgical procedures in the future should enable operations like ASD occlusion or mitral valve repair on the beating heart under 3D echocardiographic control. Suematsu et al (15)(16)(17)(18) have demonstrated the feasibility of such procedures in their latest studies, whereby they performed the studies on the model with transthoracic RT3DE systems. As the authors noted, RT3D-TEE would be necessary for clinical applications.…”

Inside the beating heart: an in vivo feasibility study on fusing pre- and intra-operative imaging for minimally invasive therapy

“…Several approaches to intracardiac therapy have been attempted via direct access through the left [1] or right atrial appendage [2,3] for mitral valve replacement or atrial septal defect (ASD) repair, apical access through the left ventricle (LV) for aortic valve implantations [4], or intravascular access (catheter-based) for radio-frequency ablation therapy or valve repair [5][6][7][8][9].…”