Three-dimensional electrodes and battery architectures

Arthur, Timothy S.; Bates, Daniel J.; Cirigliano, Nicolas; Johnson, Derek C.; Malati, Peter; Mosby, James M.; Perre, Emilie; Rawls, Matthew T.; Prieto, Amy L.; Dunn, Bruce

doi:10.1557/mrs.2011.156

Cited by 288 publications

(247 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In addition, the method of fabrication must be scalable to allow for large amounts of total stored energy. 6,7 There have been many preliminary attempts to create such a network using foams, 8 nanocolumns, 9 nanowires, 10 nanoakes, 11 and lithographically dened microstructures. 12 Nonetheless, these designs have not been able to meet the requirements of next generation electrodes mentioned above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural tunability of co-continuous bijel-derived electrodes to provide high energy and power densities

2016

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural tunability of co-continuous bijel-derived electrodes to provide high energy and power densities

2016

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“…Therefore, in recent years, huge efforts were made to increase the rate capabilities of LIB by introducing new electroactive material classes e.g., spinel-structured materials such as Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO) and LiMn 2 O 4 (LMO) in a wide range of accessible nanostructures such as nanoparticles [4][5][6], nanotubes [7][8][9], nanowires [10,11], nanosheets [12][13][14], mesoporous materials [15][16][17] and many more. Although increasing rate capabilities were successfully achieved, it is well known that the electrochemical properties of the electrode materials do not play the only key role, the electrode and current collector interface architecture [18,19] are key as well. State of the art LIB electrodes are produced by mixing electrochemical active powders with polymer binders and conductive agents such as carbon black [20,21], carbon nanotubes [22,23], or graphene [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured Networks for Energy Storage: Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes (VACNT) as Current Collectors for High-Power Li4Ti5O12(LTO)//LiMn2O4(LMO) Lithium-Ion Batteries

et al. 2017

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Abstract:As a concept for electrode architecture in high power lithium ion batteries, self-supported nanoarrays enable ultra-high power densities as a result of their open pore geometry, which results in short and direct Li + -ion and electron pathways. Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNT) on metallic current collectors with low interface resistance are used as current collectors for the chemical solution infiltration of electroactive oxides to produce vertically aligned carbon nanotubes decorated with in situ grown LiMn 2 O 4 (LMO) and Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO) nanoparticles. The production processes steps (catalyst coating, VACNT chemical vapor deposition (CVD), infiltration, and thermal transformation) are all scalable, continuous, and suitable for niche market production to achieve high oxide loadings up to 70 wt %. Due to their unique transport structure, as-prepared nanoarrays achieve remarkably high power densities up to 2.58 kW kg −1 , which is based on the total electrode mass at 80 C for LiMn 2 O 4 //Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 full cells. The tailoring of LTO and LMO nanoparticle size (~20-100 nm) and VACNT length (array height: 60-200 µm) gives insights into the rate-limiting steps at high current for these kinds of nanoarray electrodes at very high C-rates of up to 200 C. The results reveal the critical structural parameters for achieving high power densities in VACNT nanoarray full cells.

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“…In this study, the capabilities of SLS to fabricate porous scaffold electrodes have been explored to enhance electrochemical device performance. Scaffold electrodes means a 3D aperiodic structure or non-planar geometries of electrodes that utilize more surface area for chemical reaction to take place [20,21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such porosity can improve the active surface area compared to planar electrode structures, increasing electrochemical reaction rates [20,21,22], and also deliver higher mass transfer rates within electrode structures. Having such porous metal parts can lead to increased metal surface area for chemical reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical conductivity and porosity in stainless steel 316L scaffolds for electrochemical devices fabricated using selective laser sintering

Ibrahim

Brandon

2016

Materials & Design

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Battery electrode microstructures must be porous, to provide a large active surface area to facilitate fast charge transfer kinetics. In this work, we describe how a novel porous electrode scaffold, made from stainless steel 316L powder can be fabricated using selective laser sintering by proper selection of process parameters. Porosity, electrical conductivity and optical microscopy measurements were used to investigate the properties of fabricated samples. Our results show that a laser energy density between 1.50-2.00 J/mm 2 leads to a partial laser sintering mechanism where the powder particles are partially fused together, resulting in the fabrication of electrode scaffolds with 10% or higher porosity. The sample fabricated using 2.00 J/mm 2 energy density (60W -1200 mm/s) exhibited a good electrical conductivity of 1.80 x 10 6 S/m with 15.61% of porosity. Moreover, we have observed the porosity changes across height for the sample fabricated at 60W and 600 mm/s, 5.70% from base and increasing to 7.12% and 9.89% for each 2.5 mm height toward the top surface offering graded properties ideal for electrochemical devices, due to the changing thermal boundary conditions. These highly porous electrode scaffolds can be used as an electrode in electrochemical devices, potentially improving energy density and life cycle.

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Three-dimensional electrodes and battery architectures

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 288 publications

References 48 publications

Microstructural tunability of co-continuous bijel-derived electrodes to provide high energy and power densities

Microstructural tunability of co-continuous bijel-derived electrodes to provide high energy and power densities

Nanostructured Networks for Energy Storage: Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes (VACNT) as Current Collectors for High-Power Li4Ti5O12(LTO)//LiMn2O4(LMO) Lithium-Ion Batteries

Electrical conductivity and porosity in stainless steel 316L scaffolds for electrochemical devices fabricated using selective laser sintering

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