Three-Dimensional Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Properties of Alpha Lipoic Acid-Capped Silver Nanoparticle Constructs for Oral Applications

Abstract

There is a need to develop bifunctional scaffolds that provide antibacterial protection while encouraging host cell attachment/proliferation. This study evaluates HyStem®-C, and photo-cross-linked GelMA hydrogels for encapsulation and stabilisation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). We studied the behaviour of AgNPs and matrix interactions within both hydrogel systems. The cell viability of encapsulated human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) was determined by Prestoblue® assay and live/dead staining. The release of AgNPs was monitored by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectroscopy. The antibacterial properties of the GelMA-AgNP constructs were determined using disc diffusion. Even distribution of AgNPs in GelMA induced a significant decrease in cell viability (p < 0.0001), whereas AgNP aggregates did not induce cytotoxicity in HyStem®-C. AgNPs doses ≥ 0.5 µg/mL in GelMA were significantly toxic to the HGFs (p < 0.0001). The release of AgNPs from GelMA after 48 h was 20% w/w for 0.1 µg/mL and 51% for 100 µg/mL of AgNPs. At ≥5 µg/mL, a significant intra-construct bactericidal effect was observed. The disc diffusion assay shows that GelMA-incorporated AgNPs were found to be effective against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus at 50 and 100 µg/mL, respectively. Visible photo-cross-linked GelMA stably incorporated AgNPs to provide an antimicrobial regenerative construct for oral applications.

Photosensitive Hydrogels Encapsulating DPSCs and AgNPs for Dental Pulp Regeneration

“…Meanwhile, the initiation of UV light carried a potential risk for damaging the cellular DNA. 29 In our study, results also indicated that Irgacure 2959 had poor cytocompatibility as well as obvious toxicity to DPSCs ( Figure S2 ). LAP, a low-toxicity initiator, had been widely used to initiate gelation to obtain the cell-laden hydrogels with high cell viability.…”

“…The release properties of AgNPs from AgNPs@GelMA hydrogels in vitro were evaluated as the previously described. 29 Briefly, 100 μL of AgNPs@GelMA hydrogels was immersed in 300 μL of PBS and further oscillated in the shaker at 37 °C, 180 rpm. At established time points (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 days), the supernatants were collected and the AgNP concentrations were quantified by an absorbance microplate reader (Varioskan LUX, Thermo Fisher) at 412 nm.…”

Biogenic Salvia species synthesized silver nanoparticles with catalytic, sensing, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties

“…The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs is due to the accumulation and formation of “pits and gaps” of AgNPs in microbial cell membrane, and destruction of permeability of cell membrane, which eventually causes cell death. Hence, a variety of microbial strains can be inhibited [ 45 , 46 ]. From the results of antibacterial activity ( Table 2 ), AgNPs were found to be the most active inhibitors of both the microbial (bacterial and fungal) strains.…”

Biological activity comparison between ciprofloxacin loaded to silica nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles for the inhibition of Brucella melitensis

“…When comparing the safety of ciprofloxacin loaded to silver and SiO-NPs, SiO-NPs have been found to be safer than AgNPs even at a higher dose of 500 μg/mL silver. AgNPs have previously been found to exert cytotoxicity in different human cell lines [ 31 ]. SiO-NPs have also been used as a replacement for toxic nanoparticles because of their safety against human cells [ 32 ].…”