Three-dimensional ferroelectric domain visualization by Čerenkov-type second harmonic generation

Sheng, Yan; Best, A.; Butt, Hans‐Jürgen; Królikowski, Wiesław; Arie, Ady; Koynov, Kaloian

doi:10.1364/oe.18.016539

Cited by 210 publications

(155 citation statements)

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“…The experimental results were found to be in good agreement with the applied model, thus providing a non-destructive alternative optical tool to other techniques such as microscopy or nonlinear spectroscopy to probe the statistical properties and the average ferroelectric domain size. 20,22 Furthermore, a mutually coherent contribution of the interacting type 0 and type I nonlinear SH processes is confirmed by the theoretical fits to the experimental SHG polar plots. Additionally, the sign and relative value of the involved nonlinear coefficient for congruent SBN has been determined.…”

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confidence: 59%

Ultrabroadband generation of multiple concurrent nonlinear coherent interactions in random quadratic media

Mateos

Molina

Galisteo‐López

et al. 2013

Applied Physics Letters

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Triply coincident nonlinear second harmonic interactions continuously tunable in an extremely large spectral range (800-1400 nm) are demonstrated in strontium barium niobate random quadratic crystal. The spectral dependence of the triple process is in agreement with a first order quasi-phasematching collinear interaction. The analysis of the polarization states of the generated beams reveals mutually coherent interactions between different processes simultaneously contributing to the total intensity. The results constitute a necessary step in the implementation of ultra-broadband entangled photon pairs from randomly poled structures and are relevant to a wide range of applications, for which broadband polarization controlled light is required. V C 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.[http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4819855] Ferroelectric crystals exhibiting random distribution of alternate domains are increasingly employed in nonlinear optics to design compact multi-wavelength light sources, since they allow for the simultaneous phase matching of several nonlinear processes. In these systems, the generation of multiple nonlinear interactions, as well as their tunable response, occurs at the expense of the efficiency. However, their simplicity, compared to other nonlinear tunable devices based on more sophisticated superstructures of inverted domains, makes them attractive sources for the development of advanced multi-photon devices. 1-7 Substantially less explored is the capability of these systems to manipulate and control the polarization state of the generated nonlinear beams in a broad frequency range. The simultaneous presence of two or more different phase matching processes, involving different polarization states, is of interest in many applications. Polarization-entangled photon pairs, useful for quantum computing and communications, 8 polarization-free frequency converters, valuable for laser fibers and optical communications, 9 or all optical devices, including all optical isolators or polarization switchers, 10,11 are some examples of optical devices that could take advantage of concurrent nonlinear phase-matching processes in a single crystal. Moreover, multipartite quantum entanglement or the possibility to obtain quantum correlation without interferometers have been proposed when a set of three or more photons with different polarization states are simultaneously phase-matched in an optical parametric oscillator. 12,13 In this context, triply concurrent nonlinearities, namely, type 0, type I, and type II second harmonic generation (SHG), have been demonstrated in a carefully designed multi-grating periodically poled KTiOPO 4 crystal, after accurate wavelength and temperature control. 14 The complexity in the sample preparation and experimental set-up can be strongly simplified by using quadratic random nonlinear media as nonlinear optical sources. In this letter, we have focused our attention on as-grown congruent Strontium Barium Niobate (SBN) crystal due to its large nonlinear coefficients and to the presence o...

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supporting

confidence: 59%

Ultrabroadband generation of multiple concurrent nonlinear coherent interactions in random quadratic media

Mateos

Molina

Galisteo‐López

et al. 2013

Applied Physics Letters

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“…Hence, this provides a tool for controlling the angular spectrum of the diffracted TH wave. This phenomena can find application in nonlinear microscopy and nondestructive evaluation of the domain structure in ferroelectric crystals [20]. Moreover, the effects studied here may be also observable in other types of nonlinear physical systems, including, e.g.…”

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confidence: 66%

Third-harmonic generation via nonlinear Raman–Nath diffraction in nonlinear photonic crystal

et al. 2011

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We report on the observation of multiple third-harmonic conical waves generated in an annular periodically poled nonlinear photonic crystal. We show that the conical beams are formed as a result of the cascading effect involving two parametric processes that satisfy either the transverse and/or longitudinal phase-patching conditions. This is the first experimental observation of third-harmonic generation based on nonlinear Raman-Nath diffraction. © 2011 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 190.2620, 190.4410, 220.4000, 050.1940 Third-harmonic generation (THG, also called frequency tripling) is important in many applications as an effective way to achieve coherent light source at shorter wavelengths. To get efficient THG one often employs a two-step cascaded process that involves successive second-harmonic generation (SHG, ω þ ω ¼ 2ω) and sum-. In a nonlinear photonic crystal (NPC) [2][3][4], this process can be realized by using the quasi-phase-matching (QPM) technique [5][6][7][8] that involves a periodic variation to the sign of the second-order nonlinearity χ ð2Þ [9]. The resulting modulation enables one to phase-match the constituent processes via a set of reciprocal lattice vectors (RLV), i.e. k 2 − 2k 1 ¼ G 1 for SHG and k 3 − k 1 − k 2 ¼ G 2 for SFM, with k l ðl ¼ 1; 2; 3Þ being the wave vector of the interacting waves and G 1;2 being RLV [10][11][12]. While these two vectorial relations have been widely used in realization of efficient cascaded THG, it is interesting to see the emission of a third-harmonic (TH) via the socalled Čerenkov-type interaction [13]. The Čerenkov THG represents the type of noncollinear frequency tripling that satisfies only the longitudinal phase-matching conditions: k 2 cos θ 1 ¼ 2k 1 for SHG and k 3 cos θ 2 ¼ k 2 cos θ 1 þ k 1 for SFM, with θ 1;2 being the Čerenkov angles for the secondharmonic (SH) and TH waves, respectively.One question is raised whether it is possible to realize cascaded frequency tripling via transverse phasematching only. It was shown recently that the propagation of a light beam in periodic NPC leads to multiorder diffraction of the SH when the transverse phase-matching condition k 2 sin α ¼ mG (m is integer) is satisfied [14][15][16], in an analogy to linear Raman-Nath diffraction [17]. Thus, one may expect the nonlinear Raman-Nath diffraction of the TH wave via transverse phase-matched SHG and SFM. However, up until now, only the purely longitudinal (Čerenkov) phase-matched THG was observed [13]. In this Letter we report for the first time on experimental observation of THG which relies on cascaded transverse (Raman-Nath) phase-matching. Moreover, we observe for the first time the THG nonlinear diffraction based on cascading of transverse and longitudinal phase-matched processes. The different phase-matching possibilities provide a set of TH rings at different angles.The annular NPC was fabricated using electric poling of a Z-cut MgO:doped stoichiometric lithium tantalate (SLT) crystal (thickness 490 μm). The period is 7:5 μm and the duty factor var...

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“…The physical origin of such different responses to the Čerenkov SHG can be attributed to the different distributions of domain walls in these three structures. We have previously verified that the Čerenkov SHG occurs efficiently only on the domain wall regions [14]. Moreover, only the domain walls that are parallel to the propagation direction of the fundamental wave contribute to the Čerenkov SHG.…”

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confidence: 70%

“…The generation of such a Čerenkov SHG is accessible in waveguide schemes utilizing the automatically achieved PM between the guided fundamental and radiated SH waves [10,11]. It is also possible to produce Čerenkov SHG in bulk NPC [12,13], for which the presence of χ ð2Þ modulation plays a key role as it enhances the intensity of the emission greatly [8,14,15].…”

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confidence: 99%

Tailoring Čerenkov second-harmonic generation in bulk nonlinear photonic crystal

et al. 2011

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We investigate theoretically the Čerenkov-type second-harmonic generation in two-dimensional bulk nonlinear photonic crystal with longitudinal modulation of the χ ð2Þ nonlinearity. We show that in this scheme the Čerenkov radiation can be achieved simultaneously at multiple directions with comparable intensities. The angles of emission are controllable by the spatial modulation of the nonlinearity. We propose a design of the periodically poled domain pattern, which maximizes the efficiency of the second-harmonic emission.

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Three-dimensional ferroelectric domain visualization by Čerenkov-type second harmonic generation

Cited by 210 publications

References 36 publications

Ultrabroadband generation of multiple concurrent nonlinear coherent interactions in random quadratic media

Ultrabroadband generation of multiple concurrent nonlinear coherent interactions in random quadratic media

Third-harmonic generation via nonlinear Raman–Nath diffraction in nonlinear photonic crystal

Tailoring Čerenkov second-harmonic generation in bulk nonlinear photonic crystal

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