Three-dimensional finite element simulation of curing of polymer composites

Cheung, Alan Kh; Yu, Yan Jun; Pochiraju, Kishore

doi:10.1016/s0168-874x(03)00119-7

Cited by 72 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The cure kinetics equations in this work were based on the Cheung et al [10] paper and the heat transfer methodology is based on the work of Patankar [11] entitled 'Numerical heat transfer and fluid flow'.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally the value of P T is defined: (11) This is the temperature at grid point P. The degree of cure, α, is found to be related to the rate of reaction r α by the rate equation [10]: (12) This rate of reaction is given by the well established Kamal and Sourour [12] equation:…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, Cheung et al [10] produced a threedimensional thermo-chemical cure simulation based on the Galerkin finite element method. The rate and degree of cure throughout the curing process were determined and induced residual stresses and the resulting deformation were evaluated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Experimental validation of a thermal model of adhesively bonded scarf repairs for CFRP composite materials incorporating cure kinetics

Bestley¹,

Brown²,

Alston³

2011

Materials Characterisation V

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Adhesively bonded scarf repairs are the preferred method of repairing modern composite structures as they provide high strength restoration and aerodynamic flushness. Curing of the adhesive bondline is carried out by locally heating the repair area. To assess repair design and heating practices simulation can be used to model both the transient heat transfer during curing and the level of cure likely to be achieved at different regions in the adhesive joint. In this paper a 3D curing model is described to simulate heat transfer through a composite component. The cure kinetics of a commercial epoxy resin adhesive have been determined using isothermal Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC) analysis. Using these kinetics the model is able to determine the influence of the exothermic reaction within the adhesive on the overall temperature variation within the component. An experimental programme has been carried out where composite material and bonded repair patches have been cured with thermocouples providing measured temperature/time data during the cycle. The results from the cure model are then validated by comparison with these experimental results. The cure model is capable of being used to optimise the cure cycle for a bonded repair, ensuring the maximum degree of cure of the adhesive with minimum variation of temperature within the bond line.

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Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Experimental validation of a thermal model of adhesively bonded scarf repairs for CFRP composite materials incorporating cure kinetics

Bestley¹,

Brown²,

Alston³

2011

Materials Characterisation V

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Yan [3] studied the two-dimensional cure simulation of thick thermosetting composites by using a weighted residual method and thought the heat transfer anisotropy has an important effect on temperature field. Cheung [4], Abbassi [5], Lam [6] and Antonelli [7] et al simulated the curing process using a three-dimensional Galerkin finite element method. Giordano [8] and Dupret [9] et al analyzed the whole RTM process including filling and curing stages by using the finite difference method based on the Crank-Nicolson method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical study of resin transfer molding (RTM) curing process

Shi

Dong

2010

Front. Mater. Sci. China

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It is a very important phase in resin transfer molding (RTM) process that resin is cured. The result of the curing process determines the quality of a part, including mechanical properties, lifecycle of the part under high temperature and chemical properties. Therefore, it is very meaningful to discuss the curing process. In our work, the code is prepared based on unstructured mesh using divergence theorem. A case is used to verify properness of the code and the results are in good agreement with the published experiment data. In the paper, some factors of materials and numerical calculation, e.g., time step, reaction heat, the whole heat conductivity of fiber and resin and fiber initial temperature, which affect result of simulation, are emphatically investigated and carefully revealed. The conclusion shows that time step, the reaction heat and heat conductivity have an important effect on the curing process, while fiber initial temperature has very little impact. These are helpful to understand and adopt the curing process in order to produce good products.

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“…The dry fiber fabric is first preformed into a closed mold, and then the polymer matrix is injected in the form of liquid resin through the inlet into the cavity while the air escapes from the mold through the vent. After curing, the finished part is demolded [1][2][3][4][5][6]. During the preform loading process, wrinkled or overlapped fiber fabric layers easily occur and can be a source of crack initiation in the RTMCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bending properties for composites with wrinkled and overlapped fabric preform

Trung

Lee

2009

J Mech Sci Technol

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The fiber fabric layers in a preform can be wrinkled or overlapped during a preform loading of the resin transfer molding and thermoforming processes of thermoplastic composites. These fabric discontinuities affect both the mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of those composites. Based on the energy method, the analytical bending modulus is considered and compared to the experimental data for several wrinkling and overlapping patterns. Also, those effects on the bending properties are described through the effective parameters, α, which are the wrinkled parameter and overlapped parameter. It is found that the large fiber content and stress concentrations near discontinuity are the reasons for the larger bending moduli of the wrinkled and overlapped models. As a function of the wrinkled length to the span length (L W /L) and the overlapped length to the span length (L O /L), respectively, the bending strengths and failure mechanisms show the two stages. This is due to not only the failure modes but also the geometrical structures of the fiber fabric preform.

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Three-dimensional finite element simulation of curing of polymer composites

Cited by 72 publications

References 10 publications

Experimental validation of a thermal model of adhesively bonded scarf repairs for CFRP composite materials incorporating cure kinetics

Experimental validation of a thermal model of adhesively bonded scarf repairs for CFRP composite materials incorporating cure kinetics

Numerical study of resin transfer molding (RTM) curing process

Bending properties for composites with wrinkled and overlapped fabric preform

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