Three‐dimensional flower‐like SnS₂ materials for dispersive solid‐phase extraction of endocrine‐disrupting phenols

Abstract

In this study, three‐dimensional flower‐like tin disulfide materials were prepared, and a highly efficient dispersive solid‐phase extraction method was developed using the obtained three‐dimensional tin disulfide adsorbents for the preconcentration and determination of six endocrine‐disrupting phenols in combination with high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet detection. Several important experimental parameters influencing extraction efficiency were investigated, including the amount of adsorbent, ultrasound time, sample solution pH, sample volume, type of elution solvent, desorption time, and the number of desorption times. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the developed method showed good linearity with the determination coefficients of 0.993–0.998 in the linear range of 0.5–400 ng/ml and low limits of detection in the range of 0.15–1.0 ng/ml, as well as satisfactory intra‐day and inter‐day precisions with relative standard deviations of 0.1–9.8%. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the enrichment and determination of trace endocrine‐disrupting phenols in milk, tea beverage, and plastic bottled water samples, and acceptable recoveries were obtained from 70.1% to 119.1% under four different spiked concentration levels. The results showed that the three‐dimensional tin disulfide materials had great potential for the extraction of endocrine‐disrupting phenols contaminants in environmental and food samples.

Porous poly(bismaleimide‐co‐divinylbenzene) microspheres as dispersive solid‐phase extraction adsorbent coupled to high‐performance liquid chromatography for the determination of triazine herbicide residues in vegetable samples

“…Besides, the π‐π interaction also occurs between the aromatic structures of PBMs and electron‐poor triazine rings of THs, which is similar to the adsorption of THs using chitosan–modified photosensitive activated biochar as adsorbent [7]. In addition, the abundance of maleimide groups and pendant vinyl groups on the surface of PBMs is prone to interact with hydrogen bonding sites in THs through hydrogen bonding [14].…”

“…The performance of the adsorbent is crucial for improving the extraction efficiency. Recently, many materials with excellent adsorption ability have been employed as adsorbents, such as covalent organic frameworks [13], three-dimensional flower-like SnS 2 [14], and graphene oxide composite [15] for the extraction of trace analytes from the complex matrix. Porous organic polymers (POPs), a kind of polymer with a backbone composed of one or more structural building blocks with different structures and properties, have been widely used in catalysis and pollutant removal due to their high specific surface area, rich pore structures, and diverse synthesis methods [16][17][18].…”