Three-dimensional focus manipulation by means of a birefringent plate

Line-scanning tomographic optical microscope with isotropic transfer function

“…To achieve a sufficiently high DOF, the numerical aperture has to be kept at a relatively low value, which also decreases the spatial resolution. Extension of the depth of focus with rather sophisticated techniques is a possible solution [15,16]. As a consequence, OPT is suitable for the measurement of thick samples with limited spatial resolution.…”

Brittlestar‐Inspired Microlens Arrays Made of Calcite Single Crystals

“…However, it remains a challenging task to fabricate microlenses made of single crystals although a microlens combined with a birefringent crystal can exert control over both the temporal and spatial distribution of light and show interesting properties such as 3D focus manipulation and polarization‐dependent focusing . As a typical linearly birefringent crystal, calcite has been widely used for control and characterization of the polarization states of light, but the controllable fabrication of MLAs built from calcite single crystals has not been realized so far. Amazingly, the natural skeletons of light‐sensitive brittlestars adopt an elaborate structure of microlens arrays made of calcite single crystals oriented along the optical c axis, exhibiting remarkable optical performance originating from the optimized shape and crystal orientation .…”

“…Till now, the controllable fabrication of convex and concave MLAs comprising varied materials including glasses, amorphous and polycrystalline minerals, polymers, protein hydrogels, and liquid crystals has been achieved using various methods. However, it remains a challenging task to fabricate microlenses made of single crystals although a microlens combined with a birefringent crystal can exert control over both the temporal and spatial distribution of light and show interesting properties such as 3D focus manipulation and polarization‐dependent focusing . As a typical linearly birefringent crystal, calcite has been widely used for control and characterization of the polarization states of light, but the controllable fabrication of MLAs built from calcite single crystals has not been realized so far.…”

Laterális feloldás és képminőség javítása vonalpásztázó tomográfiás optikai mikroszkópban

“…Mivel p-típusú kalcit kristályban a felületre merőleges két (x 1 x 2 és x 2 x 3 ) síkban az extraordinárius nyaláb eltérő törésmutatót mutat, ezért átfókuszálva a kristályon [73] asztigmia vezethető be. Az asztigmia révén létrejövő vonal kivilágításra használható fel LSTOM mikroszkópban, amely alkalmazást az 5.2 fejezetben tárgyaljuk.…”