Three-dimensional Frontal Cellular Automata Model of Microstructure Evolution – Phase Transformation Module

Abstract

The paper presents three-dimensional frontal cellular automata (FCA) based model for modeling of microstructure evolution during technological processes. It is hierarchical system. The first level is FCA, the second level is modules of microstuctural phenomena; and the third level is models of technological processes. The phase transformation module (PTM) is one of the components of the second level. PTM will contain several models of phase transformation; one of them presents transformation of austenite into ferrite and perlite. This phase transformation controlled by diffusion is considered as the nucleation and the growth of grains of other phases. The nucleation algorithm is presented in the paper. An effect of nucleation sites on final microstructure was studied on three extreme nucleation variants: nucleation on the boundaries, on the edges and in the grain corners. Simulations have been carried out for low cooling rate and relatively long time of the holding at appropriate temperature. The simulation results of the microstructure evolution studies are presented in the paper.

Powder bed generation in integrated modelling of additive layer manufacturing of orthopaedic implants

“…The methodology is already used for modelling of solidification, dynamic and static recrystallisation [47], crack propagation, grain refinement and phase transformation [48,49]. This new CA-based model of powder bed generation provides an effective method of generating desirable digital particle Fig.…”

Three-dimensional frontal cellular automata modeling of the grain refinement during severe plastic deformation of microalloyed steel

“…Cellular automata (CA) models [15] occupy the first place among the methods used in the computer modeling of microstructure evolution. CA are used for modeling of crystallization (solidification) [16][17][18][19][20], dynamic and static recrystallization [21][22][23][24][25], phase transformation [23,[26][27][28][29], grain refinement [30][31][32][33], etc.…”

Modeling with FCA-Based Model of Microstructure Evolution of MgCa08 Alloy During Drawing of Thin Wire in Heated Die / Modelowanie Za Pomocą FCA Rozwoju Mikrostruktury Stopu MgCa08 Podczas Ciągnienia Cienkiego Drutu W Podgrzewanym Ciagadle

“…Description of some modules of the system can be found in previous publication: initial microstructure [31], crystallization [14], recrystallization [19,21], phase transformation [23] and grain refinement [27]. Results of modelling and simulation with this FCA-based system are presented elsewhere: solidification in continuous casting [14], hot flat and shape rolling [21,30], the roll-bonding process and MAXStrain technology [27,32], powder bed generation [33], etc.…”

“…The database of materials completes the system. FCA and their computational advantages are described in detail elsewhere [19,21,23,27]. Consideration of the deformation in FCA is described as well [21,30].…”

“…The CA applications for simulations of different phenomena are very important in the materials science, and their role is increasing. CA are used for modelling of crystallization (solidification) [9][10][11][12][13][14], dynamic and static recrystallization [15][16][17][18][19], phase transformation [17,[20][21][22][23], cracks propagation, grain refinement [24][25][26], etc. Complex microstructural phenomena and technological processes are modelled on the base of CA.…”