Three-Dimensional High-Frequency Characterization of Cancerous Lymph Nodes

Mamou, Jonathan; Coron, Alain; Hara, Masaki; Machi, Junji; Yanagihara, Eugene; Laugier, Pascal; Feleppa, Ernest J.

doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2009.10.007

Cited by 92 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Early work in opthamology [1] showed the potential value of analyzing the RF spectrum for diagnostic purposes. Since then, QUS techniques have been successfully demonstrated for use in the prostate [2], breast cancer [3][4][5], and detection of metastases in lymph nodes [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative ultrasound assessment of HIFU induced lesions in rodent liver

Kemmerer

Ghoshal

Oelze

2010

2010 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium

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Abstract-Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) techniques have been used for tissue characterization by discriminating between tissues of differing microstructure. High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is a means for minimal or non-invasive therapy, which results in changes in tissue microstructure. However, significant challenges remain for the monitoring and assessment of HIFU therapy. Conventional B-mode imaging is not reliable for detection and assessment of thermal lesions produced by HIFU. Because of QUS sensitivity to microstructure changes, it was hypothesized that QUS could assess thermal lesions. A 1-MHz single-element focused transducer (f/1.1) was used to produce thermal lesions in ex-vivo rat liver. The focal intensities used to generate lesions were measured to be between 1500 and 2500 W/cm 2 in degassed water using a calibrated needle hydrophone. These exposures were monitored using a clinical ultrasound array (L14-5, Ultrasonix). Treated and untreated regions as determined by histology and visual inspection were compared to parametric images of QUS parameters (Effective Scatterer Diameter (ESD), and Effective Acoustic Concentration (EAC)). An average increase in ESD of 15% was observed in three samples, while EAC estimates decreased by 4.3 dB. These findings suggest that QUS can be used for non-invasive assessment of thermal lesions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative ultrasound assessment of HIFU induced lesions in rodent liver

Kemmerer

Ghoshal

Oelze

2010

2010 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium

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“…In another recent study, our group demonstrated the ability of three-dimensional (3D) quantitative ultrasound (QUS) to characterize lymph-node tissues from cancer patients [4]. Reliable determination of the presence or absence of metastatic cancer in lymph nodes is essential for staging disease and planning its treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In routine pathology procedures, our QUS methods would be used to direct the pathologist to suspicious nodal regions that might be overlooked in conventional histology. To achieve this objective, previous QUS studies that were undertaken successfully [4] have been improved, including envelope statistics, and applied to a larger number of lymph nodes to enhance statistical significance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first category quantifies the backscattered spectrum deduced from the radio-frequency (RF) echo signals [4]- [7] and the second category quantifies the statistics of the envelope-detected echo signals. In the second category, the QUS estimates that are derived from fit parameters associated with the envelope hypothetically provide an additional means of distinguishing among tissue types and complement the QUS estimates from the first category that are derived from backscattered RF signals [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three-dimensional high-frequency spectral and envelope quantification of excised human lymph nodes

Mamou

Coron

Oelze

et al. 2010

2010 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium

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Abstract-Quantitative imaging methods using high-frequency ultrasound (HFU, >20 MHz) offer a means of characterizing biological tissue at the microscopic level. In this study, threedimensional (3D) quantitative-ultrasound (QUS) methods were developed to detect metastases in freshly-dissected lymph nodes of cancer patients. 3D ultrasound radio-frequency data were acquired using a 26-MHz center-frequency transducer, and each node was inked prior to tissue fixation to recover orientation after sectioning for 3D histological evaluation. Backscattered echo signals were processed using 3D cylindrical regions-ofinterest (ROIs) to yield eight QUS estimates associated with tissue microstructure. The first four QUS estimates (i.e., effective scatterer size, acoustic concentration, intercept, and slope) were estimated from a normalized backscattered spectrum, and the other four QUS estimates were obtained by parameterizing the envelope statistics of the ROIs using Nakagami and homodyned-K models. These QUS methods were applied to 145 lymph nodes from 95 colorectal and gastric cancer patients. The ability of these eight QUS estimates to classify lymph nodes and detect cancer was evaluated using ROC curves. An area under the ROC curve of 0.971 with specificity and sensitivity of 91% (using a leave-one-out procedure) were obtained by combining effective scatterer size and one envelope parameter based on the homodyned-K distribution. Therefore, these advanced 3D QUS methods potentially can be valuable for detecting small metastatic foci in dissected lymph nodes.Index Terms-high-frequency ultrasound, quantitative ultrasound, lymph node.

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“…These studies concluded that effective scatterer diameter (ESD) and effective acoustic concentration (EAC) could be used to differentiate between different kinds of tumors. Recently, Mamou et al [24] showed that QUS scatterer size estimates could be used to differentiate between cancerous and cancer-free regions in human patient lymph nodes. The use of envelope statistics combined with spectral features was observed to increase the ability of QUS to detect and classify cancer in rodent models, as well as improve the detection of metastases in the lymph node [25].…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantitative ultrasound assessment of thermal therapy in liver.

Kemmerer¹

2011

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is a promising technique for non-invasive tissue characterization.In this work, the potential of QUS to assess thermal therapy in liver tissue was examined. Specifically, the QUS parameters of attenuation slope, effective scatterer size (ESD), effective acoustic concentration (EAC), and envelope statistics parameters µ and k were evaluated with respect to their ability to discriminate between heated and unheated liver tissue. Two sets of experiments were conducted for this purpose. In the first, a series of freshly excised and bisected rat livers was exposed by placing half of a lobe in a saline bath at 60 °C for 10 minutes and the other half in 37 °C saline. Each sample was then scanned using single-element ultrasonic transducers with a nominal center frequency of 20 MHz. In the second experiment, a series of fresh rat livers was exposed to high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) to produce a discolored region of permanent damage. These samples were scanned in the area of damage before and after HIFU exposure with a 20 MHz single element transducer. Samples in both experiments were preserved, and histology slides were generated.In the saline bath experiments, statistically significant differences in attenuation slope, ESD, and EAC were observed between heated and unheated samples, while the changes in k and µ were not statistically significant. Attenuation slope increased on average from 0.65 dB/cm/MHz in untreated liver to 1.1 dB/cm/MHz in treated liver. Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in ESD and EAC were observed using spherical Gaussian and fluid-filled sphere models between unheated and heated sides of every sample examined, with ESD decreasing by 34% and EAC increasing by 18 dB with thermal insult.A linear model was also considered, and statistically significant increases in slope were observed for all samples, as well as statistically significant decreases in intercept for 5 of 7 samples. The mean k parameter was found to decrease for 5 of 6 samples, although these changes were not statistically significant. Histology slides revealed a decrease of approximately 2.5% in cell diameter with heating.The HIFU experiments resulted in an increase in ESD and decrease in EAC in the region of the lesion as determined by visual inspection of the sample. The increases in ESD were significant in 3 of 5 samples for both spherical Gaussian and fluid-filled sphere form-factor models, while the decreases in EAC were statistically significant for 4 of 5 samples for these same models. Statistically significant differences were observed in spectral slope in 3 of 5 samples and in spectral intercept in 2 of 5 samples.Envelope statistics parameters were found to be insensitive to changes with HIFU exposure. Histology slides revealed no appreciable change in cell size.iii The results of this work suggest that QUS is capable of assessing HIFU and thermal therapy. ESD and attenuation slope were found to have the most potential to discriminate between unheated and heated liver s...

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Three-Dimensional High-Frequency Characterization of Cancerous Lymph Nodes

Cited by 92 publications

References 36 publications

Quantitative ultrasound assessment of HIFU induced lesions in rodent liver

Quantitative ultrasound assessment of HIFU induced lesions in rodent liver

Three-dimensional high-frequency spectral and envelope quantification of excised human lymph nodes

Quantitative ultrasound assessment of thermal therapy in liver.

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