Three-dimensional hydrostratigraphy of the Orangeville Moraine area, southwestern Ontario, Canada

Burt, A K

doi:10.1139/cjes-2017-0077

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…While the bedrock units can be highly fractured, flow typically occurs along dissolution-enhanced sequence stratigraphic breaks, bedding plane partings, or lithologic contrasts (Priebe et al, 2018, Munn et al 2020). The regional Quaternary geology consists of glacial and non-glacial sediments deposited since the late Pleistocene through multiple cycles of glaciations across Ontario (Karrow, 1967;Chapman and Putnam, 1984;Burt, 2018).…”

Section: Regional Geological and Hydrogeological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An extensive network of buried bedrock valleys exists throughout southern Ontario with the Quaternary sediments infilling these valleys frequently distinct from and potentially older than the unconsolidated glacial deposits outside the valleys, making aquifer-aquitard sequences within the valley fills difficult to predict (e.g., Bajc et al, 2012;Bajc et al, 2017;Burt, 2018). Many of these valleys follow the regional jointing and fracturing pattern and parallel modern-day river systems (Eyles et al, 1997).…”

Section: Regional Geological and Hydrogeological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Constraining the lithostratigraphic architecture of a buried bedrock valley using surface electrical resistivity and seismic refraction tomography

et al. 2023

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Buried bedrock valleys are common erosional features in northern mid-latitude environments forming through glaciofluvial or paleoalluvial processes and are typically infilled by Quaternary-aged sediments. The erosional extent and geometry of the valley including a weathered interface, along with sediment infill that can contain complex sequences of unconsolidated aquifer and aquitard sediments, mean these features may act as preferential pathways to deeper bedrock aquifers. Non-invasive geophysical tools can provide rapid, high-resolution subsurface characterization of these features. This study evaluates the application of electrical resistivity and seismic refraction tomography along two transects centred over a buried bedrock valley in Elora, Ontario, Canada. Geophysical measurements were combined with existing continuous core records and an electrofacies model based on downhole geophysical logs to constrain the morphology and infilled lithostratigraphic architecture of the valley. Bedrock competency associated with lithology may act as a control on depth and width of valley incision during erosion, with resistivity measurements of the bedrock revealing a potential association between interpreted mechanical properties and variations in the resolved valley morphology. Seismic velocity corroborated these contrasting valley widths but could not assess bedrock competency variability below the bedrock interface. This study reveals the sequence of events depositing sediments in the valley, yielding a revised architectural mapping that improves on previous regional-scale lithostratigraphic interpretations. Results will be of use to groundwater practitioners requiring detailed conceptualization of this buried bedrock valley and its role on preferential zones of groundwater flow. Similar approaches can be used for delineation of these common and hydrogeologically significant features.

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Section: Regional Geological and Hydrogeological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regional Geological and Hydrogeological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraining the lithostratigraphic architecture of a buried bedrock valley using surface electrical resistivity and seismic refraction tomography

et al. 2023

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“…Stratified moraines (e.g., Oak Ridges, Oro, Orangeville, Waterloo, and Dorchester) have a cumulative areal extent of ϳ2500 km 2 and have received the greatest geological attention, as they have been exploited extensively for groundwater and aggregate resources (e.g., Sharpe et al 2002;Bajc et al 2014;Burt and Dodge 2011). In this issue, papers are presented on the Paris-Galt MacCormack et al 2018) and Orangeville moraines (Burt 2018) along with geophysical data from three stratified moraines (Crow et al 2018).…”

Section: Morainesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is the focus of a three-dimensional mapping study by Burt (2018) who presents data from the moraine and surrounding area. High-quality cored borehole records, legacy subsurface data sets, outcrop observations, and geophysical (ground gravity) surveys were used to develop a conceptual geological model of the various glacial and non-glacial units in the area.…”

Section: Morainesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A robust geological framework used in conjunction with in situ hydraulic data can then enable prediction of hydraulic conditions in areas with sparse data (e.g., Fogg 1986; Anderson 1989). Since the early 1990s, and particularly since the Walkerton Inquiry (2002), extensive datasets have been collected on both surface and subsurface Quaternary deposits of southern Ontario (e.g., Bajc et al 2018;Burt 2018;Sharpe et al 2018). Much of this information has been published in government data releases, conference abstracts, graduate student theses, and technical reports.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quaternary geology of southern Ontario and applications to hydrogeology

et al. 2018

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Quaternary geology of southern Ontario and applications to hydrogeology IntroductionThe southern Ontario (lowland) region is a sedimentary basin covering ϳ72 000 km 2 located within the Great Lakes watershed (e.g., Sharpe et al. 2014a). It is bounded by Canadian Shield to the north and east, and three Great Lakes to the south and west (Ontario, Erie, and Huron). The region is the economic heartland of Canada accounting for over 40% of the Canadian Gross Domestic Product. It contains one-third of the Canadian population and has the highest population density in the country. The Great Lakes cumulatively account for approximately 84% of North Americas available freshwater and form the largest potential transboundary groundwater -surface-water resource between the USA and Canada (Environment Canada and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2014). Ironically, there is significant reliance on groundwater for potable, commercial, and agricultural water uses. Approximately 3 million people use groundwater in Ontario, with the majority of these located in southern Ontario. Extraction by domestic systems support ϳ1.3 million people and ϳ1.9 million people use municipal supplies (e.g., Waterloo, Guelph; Sharpe et al. 2014b).For a decade, from 2004 to 2015, groundwater studies in Ontario were dominated by the Source Protection Program that the provincial ministries of Environment and Climate Change, and Natural Resources and Forestry funded via Conservations Authorities in 22 Source Protection areas. The focus of this work was largely water budget modeling, the identification of threats to drinking water supplies, and the establishment of wellhead protection areas around municipal wells. This program was complemented by the Ontario Geological Survey's groundwater initiative, which focused on the collection and interpretation of new, high quality subsurface geoscience information to support regional groundwater understanding (Bajc et al. 2016). This research was a direct outcome of the recommendations of the Walkerton Inquiry (O'Connor 2002) that followed on the tragic events in a southwestern Ontario community where the water supply was compromised by poor wellhead design and lax water treatment checks and protocols, following a heavy rain event in the spring of 2000. Over 2000 people became ill, 7 people died, and the conservative, tangible cost to the provincial economy, up to 2002, was over $60 million (Livernois 2002).The O'Connor Report (2002) recognized the early leadership in Ontario of the Ontario Geological Survey and Geological Survey of Canada in providing the understanding on geologic controls to support knowledge of groundwater and surface-water relationships. Importantly, geological conceptualization is often the first step of any hydrogeological study as it provides important information about geometry and connectivity of units that may support withdrawal of large amounts of water, and the distribution and integrity of units that may act as a barrier to flow and contaminants. A robust geological framework ...

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