Three-Dimensional Image Analysis of Aggregate Particles from Orthogonal Projections

Kuo, Chang-Kiang; Frost, J. David; Lai, James S.; Wang, L. B.

doi:10.3141/1526-12

Cited by 65 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The reverse is the idea behind 3D shape reconstruction from three orthogonal shadow images (i.e., projections) (Bujak and Bottlinger, 2008). The reconstructed shape may be inaccurate for some applications but better than 2D measurements in determining shape factors (Kuo et al, 1996). Working with only a few projections, instead of 100s to 1000s as in CT scanning, has the obvious advantages in speed and cost, but also some obvious deficiencies in accuracy and shape restrictions.…”

Section: D Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in shape measurement in the digital world

Jia

Garboczi

2016

Particuology

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The importance of particle shape in affecting the behaviour of powders and other particulate systems has long been recognised, but until fairly recently particle shape information has been rather difficult to obtain and use compared to its more well-known companion -particle size. Because of advances in computing power and 3D image acquisition and analysis techniques, the measurement, description and application of particle shape has experienced a great leap forward in recent years. Since we are in a digital era, it is befitting that many of these advanced techniques are digitally based. This review article aims to trace the development of these new techniques, highlight their contributions to both academic and practical applications, and present a future perspective.Partial contribution of NIST not subject to US copyright Keywords: particle shape; digital methods; review; shape measurement; spherical harmonics; X-ray tomography IntroductionEveryone whose job involves dealing with particles probably agrees that particle size is one of the most important parameters characterising particles. Many also appreciate that, for non-spherical particles, there is no such thing as "the" particle size, since the so-called size may have many different values depending on the method of measurement, definition and the purpose of (Jennings and Parslow, 1988;Allen, 2003). This is all because of particle shape. Non-spherical particles do not have the isotropy of a sphere, meaning the result of even a direct measurement of its linear dimension may vary with the direction of measurement. Think about a pebble being measured with a ruler by hand or virtually in a computer. Results from indirect measurements (e.g., by light scattering or sedimentation) are different even for spheres (Andrès et al, 1996;Allen, 2003), let alone non-spherical particles (Black et al, 1996;Mühlenweg and Hirleman, 1998;Naito et al, 1998;Walther, 2003;Xu and Di Guida, 2003; Eshel et al, 2004;Blott and Pye, 2006;Xu, 2006;Agrawal et al, 2008;Tinke et al, 2008;DiStefano et al, 2010;Califice et al, 2013).In theory, particle shape can be as important as particle size for the characterization of particles for various applications. For example, many physical properties of powders, including effective conductivity, mechanical strength, and flowability, depend on contact characteristics between the particles. Regardless of size, contact characteristics between spheres are very different from those between non-spherical particles. Spheres have only point contacts. Although in reality such point contacts do have a finite size (contact area and depth), their size and distribution around spherical particles are comparatively much more uniform than for non-spherical particles. Non-spherical particles can have area (face) and line (edge) contacts as well as point contacts. Considering the mechanisms underlying the properties such as shear resistance, flowability, electrical, and thermal conductivity, it should be obvious that particle contact characteristics have a...

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Section: D Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in shape measurement in the digital world

Jia

Garboczi

2016

Particuology

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“…Barksdale et al ͑1991͒ researched the possibility of using modern data acquisition procedures to measure aggregate. Kuo et al ͑1996; developed a method to analyze the morphological characteristics of coarse aggregate using a three-dimensional ͑3D͒ image analysis process with aggregates in Plexiglas holders. Brzezicki and Kasperkiewicz ͑1999͒ improved on this concept by measuring the shadows along with the aggregate particle at perpendicular projections, enabling three-dimensional characteristics to be measured.…”

Section: State Of Art In Image-based Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical and Computational Aspects of the Measurement of Aggregate Shape by Digital Image Analysis

Maerz

2004

J. Comput. Civ. Eng.

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Aggregates need to pass numerous tests to ensure the performance of asphalt and concrete structures and pavements. Some of these tests are fairly onerous, requiring manual, labor intensive, cost ineffective measurements that do not provide significant statistical validity, and are prone to errors through ignorance, negligence, or even in some cases through deliberate misrepresentation. This paper presents a vision based alternative to measure the shape of aggregate particles. The system, although requiring increased capital investment, will result in objective, cost effective, and timely testing of aggregate shape. The system uses dual, synchronized, double speed progressive scan cameras to image the aggregate piece from two directions. A dual image acquisition card simultaneously digitizes both images and does real-time thresholding to create a binary image, which is ported to the host computer. A software trigger determines the presence of an aggregate piece in the image, and the boundaries of the piece are delineated by a perimeter-walking routine. Measurements of aspect ratio and minimum curve radius are made on the perimeter array, and are compared to flat and elongated tests, coarse aggregate angularity ͑uncompacted voids͒, compacted voids, and fractured face counts.

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“…It allows imaging and analyzing tens of thousands of particles per minute with a suitable equipment and software. Furthermore, most previous studies focus on characterization of coarse aggregate (from several millimeters to several centimeters) due to the limitations of equipment and software (Kuo et al, 1996;Kwan et al, 1999;Prowell and Weingart, 1999;Garboczi, 2002;Lanaro and Tolppanen, 2002;Maerz, 2004;Wettimuny and Penumadu, 2004;Lin and Miller, 2005;Wang et al 2005;Garboczi et al, 2006;Hu and Stroeven, 2006;Tayor et al, 2006;Latham et al, 2008;He, 2010). Only recent comprehensive X-ray tomography methods go into details of the size level below 1 millimeter or even in the cement-size level (Garboczi and Bullard, 2004;Holzer et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From 2D projections, IA can provide more accurate and elaborate shape information of particles. Different test approaches were developed to image orthogonal profiles for the characterization of Feret diameters, on a holder (Kuo et al, 1996), on a conveyor belt (Maerz, 2004), on a cylindrical form (Brzezicki and Kasperkiewicz, 1999), and on a rotating cylinder (Prowell and Weingart, 1999). Kwan et al (1999) assumed aggregate from the same resource would have similar shape characteristics and then estimated the thickness and volume of a particle with 2D IA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape Analysis of Fine Aggregates Used for Concrete

Courard

Pirard

et al. 2016

Image Anal Stereol

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Fine aggregate is one of the essential components in concrete and significantly influences the material properties. As parts of natures, physical characteristics of fine aggregate are highly relevant to its behaviors in concrete. The most of previous studies are mainly focused on the physical properties of coarse aggregate due to the equipment limitations. In this paper, two typical fine aggregates, i.e., river sand and crushed rock, are selected for shape characterization. The new developed digital image analysis systems are employed as the main approaches for the purpose. Some other technical methods, e.g., sieve test, laser diffraction method are also used for the comparable references. Shape characteristics of fine aggregates with different origins but in similar size ranges are revealed by this study. Compared with coarse aggregate, fine grains of different origins generally have similar shape differences. These differences are more significant in surface texture properties, which can be easily identified by an advanced shape parameter: bluntness. The new image analysis method is then approved to be efficient for the shape characterization of fine aggregate in concrete.

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Three-Dimensional Image Analysis of Aggregate Particles from Orthogonal Projections

Cited by 65 publications

References 8 publications

Advances in shape measurement in the digital world

Advances in shape measurement in the digital world

Technical and Computational Aspects of the Measurement of Aggregate Shape by Digital Image Analysis

Shape Analysis of Fine Aggregates Used for Concrete

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