Three-dimensional imaging of macroscopic objects hidden behind scattering media using time-gated aperture synthesis

Woo, Sungsoo; Kang, Munkyu; Yoon, Chang-Ju; Yang, Taeseok Daniel; Choi, Youngwoon; Choi, Wonshik

doi:10.1364/oe.25.032722

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Photons travelling in scattering media can be divided into three broad categories [1][2][3]: ballistic photons, where there is no interaction with the medium and the photons propagate straight through with a coherent wavefront; snake photons which are weakly scattered, arrive immediately after ballistic photons and maintain some coherence since there are only minor deviations in direction; and diffuse photons which have scattered many times and have a trajectory that no longer corresponds to their initial propagation direction, leading to an incoherent wavefront. Ballistic and snake photons find many uses for imaging through scattering media [1,[4][5][6][7][8]. However, they are exponentially suppressed as the propagation depth increases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in order to achieve better spatial resolution, effort has been focused on using the temporal profile of the photon arrival statistics. This has led to developments in diffuse optical techniques at the computational and hardware level, including nonlinear-optical gating approaches [1,5] to more recent advances in single photon detection and reconstruction algorithms [11][12][13][14]. For weakly scattering media, the simplest approach is to isolate the ballistic and snake photons by time-gating the first photons to arrive at the detector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Role of late photons in diffuse optical imaging

Radford¹,

Lyons²,

Tonolini³

et al. 2020

Opt. Express

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The ability to image through turbid media, such as organic tissues, is a highly attractive prospect for biological and medical imaging. This is challenging, however, due to the highly scattering properties of tissues which scramble the image information. The earliest photons that arrive at the detector are often associated with ballistic transmission, whilst the later photons are associated with complex paths due to multiple independent scattering events and are therefore typically considered to be detrimental to the final image formation process. In this work, we report on the importance of these highly diffuse, "late" photons for computational time-of-flight diffuse optical imaging. In thick scattering materials, >80 transport mean free paths, we provide evidence that including late photons in the inverse retrieval enhances the image reconstruction quality. We also show that the late photons alone have sufficient information to retrieve images of a similar quality to early photon gated data. This result emphasises the importance in the strongly diffusive regime of fully time-resolved imaging techniques.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of late photons in diffuse optical imaging

Radford¹,

Lyons²,

Tonolini³

et al. 2020

Opt. Express

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Photons travelling in scattering media can be divided into three broad categories [1][2][3][4]: ballistic photons, where there is no interaction with the medium and the photons propagate straight through with a coherent wavefront; snake photons which undergo a few scattering events; and diffuse photons which have scattered many times and have a trajectory that no longer corresponds to their initial propagation direction, leading to an incoherent wavefront. Ballistic and snake photons find many uses for imaging through scattering media [2,[5][6][7][8][9]. However, ballistic photons are exponentially suppressed as the propagation depth increases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in order to achieve better spatial resolution, effort has been focused on using the temporal profile of the photon arrival statistics. This has led to developments in diffuse optical techniques at the computational and hardware level, including nonlinearoptical gating approaches [2,6] to more recent advances in single photon detection and reconstruction algorithms [11][12][13][14]. For weakly scattering media, the simplest approach is to isolate the snake and ballistic photons by time-gating the first photons to arrive at the detector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of late photons in diffuse optical imaging

Radford,

Lyons,

Tonolini

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ability to image through turbid media such as organic tissues, is a highly attractive prospect for biological and medical imaging. This is challenging however, due to the highly scattering properties of tissues which scramble the image information. The earliest photons that arrive at the detector are often associated with ballistic transmission, whilst the later photons are associated with complex paths due to multiple independent scattering events and are therefore typically considered to be detrimental to the final image formation process. In this work we report on the importance of these highly diffuse, "late" photons for computational time-of-flight diffuse optical imaging. In thick scattering materials, > 80 transport mean free paths, we provide evidence that including late photons in the inverse retrieval enhances the image reconstruction quality. We also show that the late photons alone have sufficient information to retrieve images of a similar quality to early photon gated data. This result emphasises the importance in the strongly diffusive regime discussed here, of fully time-resolved imaging techniques.

show abstract

“…This leads to the inability of an imaging system to detect an object that is located within and thus obscured by the medium. Recent efforts have also been directed at imaging objects that are located behind or embedded in a scattering medium [1][2][3]. Generally speaking, photons propagating in a scattering medium can be divided into ballistic, snake and diffusive photons [4].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational time-of-flight diffuse optical tomography

et al. 2019

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Imaging through a strongly diffusive medium remains an outstanding challenge in particular in association with applications in biological and medical imaging. Here we propose a method based on a single-photon time-of-flight camera that allows, in combination with computational processing of the spatial and full temporal photon distribution data, to image an object embedded inside a strongly diffusive medium over more than 80 transport mean free paths. The technique is contactless and requires one second acquisition times thus allowing Hz frame rate imaging. The imaging depth corresponds to several cm of human tissue and allows one to perform deep-body imaging, here demonstrated as a proof-of-principle.

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Three-dimensional imaging of macroscopic objects hidden behind scattering media using time-gated aperture synthesis

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Role of late photons in diffuse optical imaging

Role of late photons in diffuse optical imaging

The role of late photons in diffuse optical imaging

Computational time-of-flight diffuse optical tomography

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