Three-Dimensional Imaging of the Face: A Comparison Between Three Different Imaging Modalities

Verhulst, Arico C.; Hol, M.; Vreeken, Rinaldo D.; Becking, A.G.; Ulrich, Dietmar; Maal, T.J.J.

doi:10.1093/asj/sjx227

Cited by 89 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…For this purpose, a comprehensive 3D nasal photogrammetric analysis was performed, based on prior studies that reported nasal growth in a normal healthy population and evaluated different endpoints in cleft lip and nose repair [28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,43,48,49,50,51]. Our excellent intra-and inter-evaluator reliability scores support the rigorous validation process previously performed for the 3D photogrammetric system [45,46]. As the same reference planes and parameter definitions were consistently used for all measurements, it was expected that intrinsic errors associated with the 3D system would have been similar in all included subjects, with no or minimum interference with the intragroup and intergroup comparisons.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

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Long-Term Nasal Growth after Primary Rhinoplasty for Bilateral Cleft Lip Nose Deformity: A Three-Dimensional Photogrammetric Study with Comparative Analysis

Seo

Denadai

2019

JCM

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Nasal deformity is associated with congenital cleft lip and palate. Primary rhinoplasty for reconstruction of the nasal deformity at the time of bilateral cleft lip repair is a controversial issue in cleft care due to traditional teaching concerning the potential impairment of nasal growth. This study assessed long-term nasal growth in patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate who underwent primary rhinoplasty by a single surgeon between 1995 and 2002 and reached skeletal maturity (n = 39; mean: 19 ± 2 years). Normal age-, gender-, and ethnicity-matched subjects (n = 52) were enrolled for comparative analyses. Three-dimensional nasal photogrammetric measurements (10 linear, 4 angular, 6 proportional, 1 surface area, and 1 volume parameter) were collected from patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate and normal subjects. Patients who underwent rhinoplasty presented with significantly (all p < 0.05) smaller nasal tip projection and nasal tip angles, but greater values for nasal dorsum length, nasal protrusion, alar width, columellar height, dome height, columellar angle, labiocolumellar angle, nasal tip height ratio, nasal index, alar width/intercanthal distance ratio, and alar width/mouth width ratio compared to normal subjects. There were no differences (all p > 0.05) in nasal height, tip/midline deviation, nasal dorsum angle, dome-to-columella ratio, columella height/alar width ratio, area surface, and volume parameters between the two groups. This study shows that primary rhinoplasty performed in patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate during infancy does not result in deficiency of the nasal dimensions relative to controls.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…The system was calibrated before every capture process. Data sets were analyzed using 3dMD Vultus software (version 2.2, 3dMD Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA), with previously verified accuracy and reliability [45,46].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Nasal Growth after Primary Rhinoplasty for Bilateral Cleft Lip Nose Deformity: A Three-Dimensional Photogrammetric Study with Comparative Analysis

Seo

Denadai

2019

JCM

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“…The reasons for comparing Structure Sensor with Vectra M5 scanner and Artec Eva 3D scanner are based on the already validated use of these devices. In particular, Vectra technology has been used to capture face, neck, breast and body (13) while the clinical use of Artec Eva 3D has been described for the surface assessment of face, torso, upper and lower extremity (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29). All three scanning processes showed consistent results also in comparison with the CT scanning, with only one exception, further demonstrating their accuracy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Three-dimensional Assessment of the Breast: Validation of a Novel, Simple and Inexpensive Scanning Process

Oranges

Madduri

Brantner

et al. 2019

In Vivo

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Background/Aim: Methods to assess threedimensionally the breast surface are increasingly used in plastic and reconstructive surgery. The aim of this study was to validate the use of the Structure Sensor 3D scanner (Occipital, Inc., Boulder, CO, USA) connected to an iPad Pro (Apple, Inc., Cupertino, CA, USA) as a novel, inexpensive and handheld three-dimensional scanning process. Materials and Methods: Surface images of a medical human female anatomy torso model of rigid plastic were repeatedly acquired with Structure Sensor 3D scanner and compared with those obtained using two clinically established 3D imaging systems. Digital measurements of vector and surface breast distances were analyzed using Mimics ® Innovation Suite 20 medical imaging software (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium). Results: The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed no statistically significant difference among measurements obtained using different scanning processes for all the variables examined (p>0.05). Conclusion: The study demonstrates analogous practicability and reliability for surface image acquisition using the newly introduced Structure Sensor 3D scanner and other clinically established scanners. Three-dimensional photographic imaging technologies are gaining an increasing role in plastic and reconstructive surgery. They allow accurate and efficient pre-operative analysis to formulate diagnosis and establish endpoint goals of treatment to address the underlying morphology and, thus, prepare an appropriate surgical plan (1). Furthermore, in contrast to traditional two-dimensional photography, three-dimensional imaging is growingly regarded as a fundamental tool to objectively measure outcomes by providing true surface anatomy (2). Notably, volumetric and geometric parameters analyses such as depth and surface topographic distance measurements can also be performed, yielding important additional data (2). These elements are considered particularly relevant in case of breast surgery, where they can be used to evaluate symmetry, surface and volumetric changes, including total breast volumes, volumetric distribution, and breast projection. Moreover, surface and vector measurements can be assessed to define breast contour, size, and position on the chest wall (3). A number of researches have indeed validated the use of three-dimensional imaging in the clinical context of autologous or prosthetic breast reconstruction, and breast augmentation and reduction (3-10). Several validated devices are available for three-dimensional breast images capturing. However, many of them are not portable, heavyweight and generally expensive (11). These characteristics make them of unpractical use in the daily practice.

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“…Dreiundneunzig Prozent der Patientinnen gaben an, dass die 3D-Simulation ihnen bei der Größenwahl ihres Brustimplantates geholfen habe [26]. In einer aktuellen Studie zum 3D-Imaging des Gesichts unter Verwendung dreier unterschiedlicher Systeme konnte diesem Verfahren, unabhängig vom System, eine hohe Reproduzierbarkeit in der 3D-Oberflächenrekonstruktion nachgewiesen werden [27]. Ähnliche Ergebnisse konnten auch Koban et al 2019 bei der Untersuchung drei verschiedener Systeme zur Dokumentation und Planung einer Rhinoplastik herausfinden [28].…”

Section: Exploratives Erweitertes Modellunclassified

Veränderung der Wahrnehmung männlicher Attraktivität im Alter durch Standard- oder männliche Gesichtsstraffung: 3D-Simulationsstudie eines neuen Facelift-Konzeptes für Männer

Leifeld

Sorg

Tilkorn

et al. 2020

Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir.

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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Das Facelift ist mittlerweile der vierthäufigste ästhetische Eingriff beim Mann. Die Gesichtsalterung verläuft bei Männern und Frauen sehr unterschiedlich. Somit werden individuelle Techniken angewendet, da ein einheitliches Konzept für die operative Gesichtsstraffung beim Mann bisher fehlt. Ziel der Studie ist es, ein genderspezifisches, speziell für Männer entwickeltes Facelift-Konzept zu evaluieren. Material und Methoden Frauen und Männer (je n = 10) wurden einem dreidimensionalen Gesichtsscan und einer anschließenden Simulation eines V-förmigen Liftvektors (Standardlift) und einem neuen Facelift-Konzept speziell für Männer in doppelter T-Form (Male Lift) unterzogen. In einer Online-Umfrage mit 262 Teilnehmern wurden sowohl die simulierten als auch die unveränderten Bilder präsentiert und die Attribute Männlichkeit, Weiblichkeit, Attraktivität und Jugendlichkeit abgefragt. Statistische Modelle wurden verwendet, um entsprechende Attribute der Straffungen sowie weitere Faktoren zu identifizieren und Unterschiede der Simulationen zu ermitteln. Ergebnisse Verjüngende Veränderungen im Gesicht sind generell mit einer deutlichen Verbesserung der Attribute Jugendlichkeit und Attraktivität im Vergleich zu unveränderten Kontrollgesichtern verbunden. Wie erwartet führt ein Male Lift zur Maskulinisierung, während ein Standardlift zur Feminisierung führt; unabhängig vom Geschlecht der Probanden. Das Male Lift zeigte höhere Werte für das Attribut Attraktivität bei männlichen, ebenso wie das Standardlift bei weiblichen Probanden. Das für Frauen entwickelte und somit für Frauen auch besser geeignete Standardlift ist mit einer deutlich höheren Wahrscheinlichkeit für das Attribut Jugendlichkeit verbunden, während dies beim neu eingeführten Male Lift-Konzept nicht so stark ausgeprägt beurteilt wird. Schlussfolgerung Das neue Facelift-Konzept für männliche Patienten ist signifikant mit den Merkmalen Männlichkeit und Attraktivität verbunden, während das für Frauen geeignete Standardlift mit deutlich höheren Bewertungen der Attribute Weiblichkeit und Jugendlichkeit einhergeht. Die Ergebnisse der SIMALIFT-Studie sind der erste Beweis für die Notwendigkeit einer differenzierteren, geschlechtsspezifischen Herangehensweise an ein Facelift.

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Three-Dimensional Imaging of the Face: A Comparison Between Three Different Imaging Modalities

Cited by 89 publications

References 18 publications

Long-Term Nasal Growth after Primary Rhinoplasty for Bilateral Cleft Lip Nose Deformity: A Three-Dimensional Photogrammetric Study with Comparative Analysis

Long-Term Nasal Growth after Primary Rhinoplasty for Bilateral Cleft Lip Nose Deformity: A Three-Dimensional Photogrammetric Study with Comparative Analysis

Three-dimensional Assessment of the Breast: Validation of a Novel, Simple and Inexpensive Scanning Process

Veränderung der Wahrnehmung männlicher Attraktivität im Alter durch Standard- oder männliche Gesichtsstraffung: 3D-Simulationsstudie eines neuen Facelift-Konzeptes für Männer

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