Three-Dimensional infrastructure of Human Tendons

Józsa, L; Kannus, Pekka; Bálint, J; Réffy, A

doi:10.1159/000147207

Cited by 110 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…These values correspond with the rim region values obtained from Table 2 (1.9 and 1.5, for each of the respective load conditions) and suggest the tendon periphery plays the dominant role in water ADC measurements. The finding that the ADC anisotropy ratio of the rim region is less than that of the core region is consistent with the more densely packed fibrillar collagen structures of the tendon core (24). The second attribute addresses the significance of a larger percentage increase in rim-region ADC Ќ relative to the ADC ʈ increase with tensile loading.…”

Section: Localized Relaxation and Adc Parameter Valuessupporting

confidence: 57%

Spatial characterization of T₁ and T₂ relaxation times and the water apparent diffusion coefficient in rabbit Achilles tendon subjected to tensile loading

Wellen

Helmer

Grigg

et al. 2005

Magnetic Resonance in Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tendons exhibit viscoelastic mechanical behavior under tensile loading. The elasticity arises from the collagen chains that form fibrils, while the viscous response arises from the interaction of the water with the solid matrix. Therefore, an understanding of the behavior of water in response to the application of a load is crucial to the understanding of the origin of the viscous response. Three-dimensional MRI mapping of rabbit Achilles tendons was performed at 2.0 T to characterize the response of T 1 and T 2 relaxation times and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of water to tensile loading. The ADC was measured in directions both parallel (ADC ʈ ) and perpendicular (ADC Ќ ) to the long axis of the tendon. At a short diffusion time (5.8 ms) MR parameter maps showed the existence of two regions, here termed "core" and "rim", that exhibited statistically significant differences in T 1 , T 2 , and ADC Ќ under the baseline loading condition. MR parameter maps were also generated at a second loading condition of ϳ1 MPa. At a diffusion time of 5.8 ms, there was a statistically significant increase in the rim region for both ADC Ќ (57.5%) and ADC ʈ (20.5%) upon tensile loading. The changes in core ADC (Ќ , ʈ) , as well as the relaxation parameters in both core and rim regions, were not statistically significant. The effect of diffusion time on the ADC (Ќ , ʈ) values was investigated by creating maps at three additional diffusion times (50.0, 125.0, 250.0 ms) using a diffusion-weighted, stimulatedecho (DW-STE) pulse sequence. At longer diffusion times, ADC (Ќ , ʈ) values increased rather than approaching a constant value. This observation was attributed to T 1 spin-editing during the DW-STE pulse sequence, which resulted in the loss of short-T 1 components (with correspondingly lower ADCs) at longer diffusion times (corroborating the results from earlier spectroscopic work). The T 1 spin-editing effect was observed both in the core and in the rim regions of the tendon and hence was not solely due to the redistribution of water from the core to the rim upon loading. A measure reflective of the regional change in proton density was noted to be consistent with tensile-load-induced water transport from the central to the peripheral tendon region. Magn Reson Med 53:535-544, 2005.

show abstract

Section: Localized Relaxation and Adc Parameter Valuessupporting

confidence: 57%

Spatial characterization of T₁ and T₂ relaxation times and the water apparent diffusion coefficient in rabbit Achilles tendon subjected to tensile loading

Wellen

Helmer

Grigg

et al. 2005

Magnetic Resonance in Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(Fig. 1) Similarly as yarns in a rope, most collagen fibrils are arranged to the long axis of the tendon while a small group is located transversely to the main axis, providing resistance against transverse and rotational forces [18,26]. Longitudinal collagen fibrils are packed into fibers -larger cable-like structures encapsulated by endotenon -a cuff of connective tissue providing vascular supply [44].…”

Section: Structure Of the Tendonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Larger fascicles were found in the most loaded tendons -Achilles tendon and the smaller fascicles in tendons of the flexors and extensors of the digits [50]. In larger tendons groups of fascicles are arranged into tertiary bundles, which are then enclosed by a two cuffs -the inner fibrous epitenon and the outer loose alveolar paratenon layer, both of which are carrying nerves, blood and lymphatic vessels [26]. Synovial tendon sheaths are common among tendons which are prone to high load, such as flexors in the human hand.…”

Section: Structure Of the Tendonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tendon — function-related structure, simple healing process and mysterious ageing

Zabrzyński¹,

Łapaj

Paczesny³

et al. 2018

Folia Morphol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tendons are connective tissue structures of paramount importance to human ability of locomotion. The understanding of their physiology and pathology is gaining importance as advances in regenerative medicine are being made today. So far, very few studies were conducted to extend the knowledge about pathology, healing response and management of tendon lesions.In this paper we summarize actual knowledge on structure, process of healing and ageing of the tendons. The structure of tendon is optimized for the best performance of the tissue. Despite the simplicity of the healing response, numerous studies showed, that the problems with full recovery are common and much more significant than we thought, that is why we discussed the issue of immobilization and mechanical stimulation during healing process. The phenomenon of tendons' ageing is poorly understood, although it seems to be a natural and painless process, it is completely different to degeneration in tendinopathy. Recent studies of biological treatment reported faster and optimal healing of the tendons when augmented by growth factors and stem cells. Despite advances in biology of tendons, management of their injuries is still a challenge for physicians, therefore further studies are required to improve treatment outcomes.

show abstract

“…(24). These, are important in the repair and regeneration process in tendon (25)(26)(27). Apart from these ECM proteins, several polypeptide factors are important in regulating the expression of specific genes that are commonly found in tendons and the expression of these genes influences the ECM metabolism and subsequently modulates the composition and organization of the tendon ECM (Table 3).…”

Section: Structure and Function Of Normal Tendon A Tendon Tenocyte mentioning

confidence: 99%

A MINI REVIEW ON THE BASIC KNOWLEDGE ON TENDON: REVISITING THE NORMAL & INJURED TENDON

Tan

Selvaratnam²,

Ahmad

2015

JUMMEC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tendon is a dense connective tissue that connects muscle to bone. Tendon can adapt to mechanical forces passing across it, through a reciprocal relationship between its cellular components (tenocytes and tenoblasts) and the extracellular matrix (ECM). In early development, the formation of scleraxis-expressing tendon progenitor population in the sclerotome is induced by a fibroblast growth factor signal secreted by the myotome. Tendon injury has been defined as a loss of cells or ECM caused by trauma. It represents a failure of cells and matrix adaptation to mechanical loading. Injury initiates attempts of tendon to repair itself, which has been defined as replacement of damaged or lost cells and ECM by new cells or new matrices. Tendon healing generally consists of four different phases: the inflammatory, proliferation, differentiation and remodelling phases. Clinically, tendons are repaired with a variety of surgical techniques, which show various degrees of success. In order to improve the conventional tendon repair methods, current tendon tissue engineering aims to investigate a repair method which can restore tissue defects with living cells, or cell based therapy. Advances in tissue engineering techniques would potentially yield to a cell-based product that could regenerate functional tendon tissue.

show abstract

Three-Dimensional infrastructure of Human Tendons

Cited by 110 publications

References 7 publications

Spatial characterization of T₁ and T₂ relaxation times and the water apparent diffusion coefficient in rabbit Achilles tendon subjected to tensile loading

Spatial characterization of T₁ and T₂ relaxation times and the water apparent diffusion coefficient in rabbit Achilles tendon subjected to tensile loading

Tendon — function-related structure, simple healing process and mysterious ageing

A MINI REVIEW ON THE BASIC KNOWLEDGE ON TENDON: REVISITING THE NORMAL & INJURED TENDON

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Three-Dimensional infrastructure of Human Tendons

Cited by 110 publications

References 7 publications

Spatial characterization of T1 and T2 relaxation times and the water apparent diffusion coefficient in rabbit Achilles tendon subjected to tensile loading

Spatial characterization of T1 and T2 relaxation times and the water apparent diffusion coefficient in rabbit Achilles tendon subjected to tensile loading

Tendon — function-related structure, simple healing process and mysterious ageing

A MINI REVIEW ON THE BASIC KNOWLEDGE ON TENDON: REVISITING THE NORMAL & INJURED TENDON

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Spatial characterization of T₁ and T₂ relaxation times and the water apparent diffusion coefficient in rabbit Achilles tendon subjected to tensile loading

Spatial characterization of T₁ and T₂ relaxation times and the water apparent diffusion coefficient in rabbit Achilles tendon subjected to tensile loading