Three-dimensional input device with six degrees of freedom

Jones, Peter E.

doi:10.1016/s0957-4158(99)00032-x

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The robotic control studies described above typically used a timed functional task (e.g., the time required to pick up an object) as the performance metric. In the case of VR interfaces, the task is often navigating a maze [ 19 , 20 ]. These evaluations are often focused on the robot or VR system per se rather than on the performance of the command interface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of head orientation and neck muscle EMG signals as three-dimensional command sources

Williams

Kirsch

2015

Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation

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BackgroundHigh cervical spinal cord injuries result in significant functional impairments and affect both the injured individual as well as their family and care givers. To help restore function to these individuals, multiple user interfaces are available to enable command and control of external devices. However, little work has been performed to assess the 3D performance of these interfaces.MethodsWe investigated the performance of eight human subjects in using three user interfaces (head orientation, EMG from muscles of the head and neck, and a three-axis joystick) to command the endpoint position of a multi-axis robotic arm within a 3D workspace to perform a novel out-to-center 3D Fitts’ Law style task. Two of these interfaces (head orientation, EMG from muscles of the head and neck) could realistically be used by individuals with high tetraplegia, while the joystick was evaluated as a standard of high performance. Performance metrics were developed to assess the aspects of command source performance. Data were analyzed using a mixed model design ANOVA. Fixed effects were investigated between sources as well as for interactions between index of difficulty, command source, and the five performance measures used. A 5% threshold for statistical significance was used in the analysis.ResultsThe performances of the three command interfaces were rather similar, though significant differences between command sources were observed. The apparent similarity is due in large part to the sequential command strategy (i.e., one dimension of movement at a time) typically adopted by the subjects. EMG-based commands were particularly pulsatile in nature. The use of sequential commands had a significant impact on each command source’s performance for movements in two or three dimensions.ConclusionsWhile the sequential nature of the commands produced by the user did not fit with Fitts’ Law, the other performance measures used were able to illustrate the properties of each command source. Though pulsatile, given the overall similarity between head orientation and the EMG interface, (which also could be readily included in a future implanted neuroprosthesis) the use of EMG as a command source for controlling an arm in 3D space is an attractive choice.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of head orientation and neck muscle EMG signals as three-dimensional command sources

Williams

Kirsch

2015

Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation

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“…Many practical applications require noncontact 6-degree-of-freedom ͑DOF͒ sensing technology. Some of these include motion analysis, 1 motion control, 2 robot teaching, 3,4 6-DOF input devices, 5,6 and mobile robot localization. [7][8][9] Nevertheless, only a few methods have been developed for some limited applications because it is much more difficult to measure multi DOFs than a single DOF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of fine 6-degrees-of-freedom displacement of rigid bodies through splitting a laser beam: experimental investigation

Park

Cho

2002

Opt. Eng

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Abstract.A new measuring system is proposed that can measure the motions of arbitrary rigid bodies moving in 6 degrees of freedom. The measurement principle is based on the detection of laser beams reflected from a specially fabricated three-facet mirror that looks like a triangular pyramid having an equilateral cross-sectional shape. The mirror is mounted on the object to be measured. It reflects a laser beam, generated from a source, in three different directions, depending on the motion of the object of interest. The reflected beam is then detected by three position-sensitive detectors (PSDs). From the signals of the PSDs, we can calculate the 3-D position and orientation of the three-facet mirror, thus enabling us to determine the 3-D position and orientation of the object. We model the relationship between the 3-D position and orientation of an object in motion and the outputs of three PSDs. A series of experiments are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method. The experimental results show that the proposed sensing system can be an effective means of obtaining 3-D position and orientation of arbitrary objects and provides reasonable measurement accuracy.

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“…Computers have become powerful with three-dimensional (3D) graphic capabilities that allow new applications to incorporate 3D interactivity. However, there are few low cost 3D input devices available for the desktop interactive environment [24]. Interactive systems that use a 3D world should ideally be complimented with a 3D input device [24].…”

Section: Mousementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there are few low cost 3D input devices available for the desktop interactive environment [24]. Interactive systems that use a 3D world should ideally be complimented with a 3D input device [24]. For the desktop systems there is a need for a matching development in input devices suited to the 3D applications beyond the simple 2D mouse [24].…”

Section: Mousementioning

confidence: 99%

3D interaction design and application development

Lim¹

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Human-computer interaction (HCI) is an area concerned with the design, evaluation and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use. A 3D environment makes use of the HCI to provide visual and tactile interaction to the user. However the HCI hardware devices and software development are expensive. Hence it is essential to explore an affordable solution for HCI that can be implemented for educational and research uses. The interface should be easy to use, easy to implement, reusable for other program and less costly to develop. The scope of this research covers hardware and software interfacing of various commercially available input devices into the different applications for evaluation. The proposed research used inexpensive commercially available devices such as steering wheel device and P5 data game glove to provide the visual and tactile interface for the 3D environment. The objective of this research is to develop a reusable and inexpensive interactive interfacing solution for the 3D environment. This interfacing solution includes a 3D interaction module that is developed to integrate different game devices into the 3D environment. It allows different applications to interface with the commercial game devices easily and the integration is straightforward and cost effective. The research concluded with three applications that were developed using the 3D interaction module.

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Three-dimensional input device with six degrees of freedom

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Evaluation of head orientation and neck muscle EMG signals as three-dimensional command sources

Evaluation of head orientation and neck muscle EMG signals as three-dimensional command sources

Measurement of fine 6-degrees-of-freedom displacement of rigid bodies through splitting a laser beam: experimental investigation

3D interaction design and application development

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