Three-dimensional laser scanning technique to quantify aggregate and ballast shape properties

Anochie-Boateng, Joseph; Komba, Julius J; Mvelase, Gculisile M

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.02.062

Cited by 117 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The normal and shear stress from traffic might not be enough to crush forest road aggregate particles, especially below the upper layer. However, the contact stress between tire and aggregate particle or between aggregate particles, might be enough to cause the crushing [48] because aggregate particles have polyhedron shapes with many flat faces and sharp edges [49], resulting in high contact stresses produced when the sharp edges are pressed. Farmani et al [50] found that higher contact stress was distributed across the areas between large-size aggregate particles, indicating that this type of stress is more likely to break large-size particles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This phenomenon occurs for granular materials having a wide size distribution, even at the molecular level, making large particles rise to the top of a mixture, and fine particles move downwards [64][65][66]. However, the shapes of the aggregate particles are polyhedrons [49], thus there can be interlocking of the aggregate particles which prohibits movement. Therefore, it is not known if particle-size segregation occurs during aggregate transport.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Traffic-Induced Changes and Processes in Forest Road Aggregate Particle-Size Distributions

Rhee

Fridley

Page‐Dumroese

2018

Forests

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Traffic can alter forest road aggregate material in various ways, such as by crushing, mixing it with subgrade material, and sweeping large-size, loose particles (gravel) toward the outside of the road. Understanding the changes and physical processes of the aggregate is essential to mitigate sediment production from forest roads and reduce road maintenance efforts. We compared the particle-size distributions of forest road aggregate from the Clearwater National Forest in Idaho, USA in three vertical layers (upper, middle, and bottom of the road aggregate), three horizontal locations (tire track, shoulder, and halfway between them), and three traffic uses (none, light (no logging vehicles), and heavy (logging vehicles and equipment)) using Tukey's multiple comparison test. Light traffic appears to cause aggregate crushing where vehicle tires passed and caused sweeping on the road surface. Heavy traffic caused aggregate crushing at all vertical and horizontal locations, and subgrade mixing with the bottom layer at the shoulder location. Logging vehicles and heavy equipment with wide axles drove on the shoulder and exerted enough stress to cause subgrade mixing. These results can help identify the sediment source and define adequate mitigation measures to reduce sediment production from forest roads and reduce road maintenance efforts by providing information for best management practices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traffic-Induced Changes and Processes in Forest Road Aggregate Particle-Size Distributions

Rhee

Fridley

Page‐Dumroese

2018

Forests

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“…3D laser scanners have been used for scanning large particles, such as ballast in pavements (e.g. [27][28][29]). Here, a 3D laser scanner is employed (LPX-60, Roland DG Corporation, Hamamatsu, Japan).…”

Section: D Laser Scanner For the Surface Texture At Large Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Analysis of gravel surface texture

et al. 2019

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Surface texture plays an important role in understanding the mechanical and hydraulic behavior of a soil but has drawn little attention, especially for three dimensional parameters. Currently, the few studies on measurements and quantification of surface texture are limited to sand sized particles. To date, the surface texture of sand has been successfully obtained by using a high-resolution optical microscope for a given measurement area that is small and comparable to the sand particle size. However, for larger particles, such as gravel, the larger surface area may create difficulties. For instance, as the particle size increases, the surface texture could be influenced by other factors such as the mineral composition, scale-dependent fabric and others, suggests that the surface texture examined at a large scale by using the 3D laser scanner could be representative of the gravel, though cautions should be taken in individual cases for any quantitative studies of the effect of the surface texture.

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“…The research by Latham et al [24] mainly focused on aggregate representation reconstruction and shape library establishment based on aggregate surface geometry captured from 3D laser ranging. The characterization of aggregate surface and shape properties have been well studied using 3D laser techniques [28][29][30].…”

Section: Numerical Representations Of Aggregatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregate representation for mesostructure of stone based materials using a sphere growth model based on realistic aggregate shapes

et al. 2015

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The objectives of this study are: (1) to create aggregate representations based on their realistic shapes and establish an aggregate shape library by storing aggregate numerical representations of various shapes and angularities; and (2) to prepare mesostructure models for stone based materials using aggregate representations from the library. The numerical representations based on realistic shapes are created through three steps: (1) scan individual aggregate particles using an X-ray CT machine to obtain a series of cross sectional images at different heights; (2) process the sectional images and stack them to obtain the 3D aggregate boundary; and (3) apply a sphere growth model to fill the interior space of the boundary.The sphere growth includes a first growth in 26 divergent directions and a second growth in 8 divergent directions which start from each sphere in the first growth. Four aggregate particles were selected for the numerical representation construction using the sphere growth model. The modeling results showed that the four aggregates had filling ratios of 97.8, 95.3, 91.3 and 98.5 %, respectively. Afterward, the four numerical representations were stored as aggregate templates to establish a preliminary representation library, which can be invoked to generate numerical aggregate particles in the model reconstruction of stone based materials. A discrete element model and a finite element model of an asphalt concrete beam were reconstructed as examples of application of the numerical representation library. The study overall showed that: (1) the sphere growth model is an effective approach to construct aggregate numerical representations with a high accuracy; (2) the sphere growth model can significantly reduce the sphere amount of the numerical representations compared to previous related studies; and (3) these numerical representations can be successfully used to reconstruct the mesostructure models of stone based materials, which can potentially bring time and cost savings while keeping the model precision.

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Three-dimensional laser scanning technique to quantify aggregate and ballast shape properties

Cited by 117 publications

References 12 publications

Traffic-Induced Changes and Processes in Forest Road Aggregate Particle-Size Distributions

Traffic-Induced Changes and Processes in Forest Road Aggregate Particle-Size Distributions

3D Analysis of gravel surface texture

Aggregate representation for mesostructure of stone based materials using a sphere growth model based on realistic aggregate shapes

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