“…The full developed turbulence flow was simulated using LES (large eddy simulation) method (Lee et al, 2004;Padilla and Silveira-Neto, 2008). Linear stability analysis has been used to study the instability and transition under the convective heat transfer (Dyko et al, 1999; Labonia ang Guj, 1998; Petrone et al, 2006;Adachi and Imai, 2007). The friction factor in the annulus under natural convective flow has been measured in (Lu and Wang, 2008).…”