Three-dimensional metallic photonic crystals fabricated by soft lithography for midinfrared applications

Abstract

We present an efficient method of fabricating freestanding three-dimensional metallic photonic crystals using soft lithography. Low cost and ease of fabrication are achieved through gold sputter deposition on a freestanding woodpile polymer template. We compare experimental results to theoretical calculations for tetragonal and face-centered-tetragonal structures as a function of the number of layers. The photonic crystals behave like full metallic structures with a photonic band edge at a wavelength of 3.5μm. The rejection rates of the structures are about 10dB/layer.

Fabrication and Measurement of Micro Three‐Dimensional Photonic Crystals of SiO2 Ceramic for Terahertz Wave Applications

“…The phase shift spectra also became irregular in the band gap ranges compared with other frequency ranges. Theoretically, in the band gap frequencies, the propagation of EM wave is prevented due to the effect of standing wave formation 1–6 . This results from the intrference between the traveling EM waves, refracted and reflected waves in the periodic lattice.…”

“…T hree ‐ dimensional (3D) photonic crystals with a periodic structure of dielectric medium can form a common photonic band gap in all directions and inhibit the propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves having wavelengths corresponding to the lattice periods 1–3 . Photolithography and soft lithography have been used to fabricate photonic crystals that can operate in the infrared and visible optical ranges 4–6 . But these techniques have several limitations: they cannot fabricate materials in the z dimension and have few material options.…”

Investigation of Photon Redistribution in High Temperature Photonic Crystal Structures

“…The thermal emission of the PC is observed in a narrow band of wavelengths controlled by this absorption profile. Previous experiments [9,10,11] and analyses were based on thermal emission in near-normal directions which is easy to measure. Emerging thermophotovoltaic (TPV) systems [5][6][7] utilize this novel selective wavelength emission.…”

Rapid fabrication of 3D terahertz split ring resonator arrays by novel single-shot direct write focused proximity field nanopatterning

“…For most resonator applications, it would be preferable to couple into light incident perpendicular to the substrate by utilizing "stand-up" resonant structures. FPnP is an ideal technique for the fabrication of such structures via the design methods detailed above, combined with metallization by either by multi-angle coating [25], selective electroless-plating [26] of negative resist structures or backfill electrodeposition [27] of positive resist structures, which have all been previously utilized to generate plasmonic or photonic structures from 3D lithography. In order to determine the ability of the FPnP process to create double SRR-like "W" resonators, SL structures similar to those shown in Fig.…”