Three-dimensional morphology of carbon black aggregates

Gruber, Tyler; Żerda, T. W.; Gerspacher, M.

doi:10.1016/0008-6223(93)90074-k

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…5 containing the data for the combination of 20% Pt/C and 40% PTFE in the dry catalyst layer shows that the mean diameter of the individual particles (assumed to be spherical) was calculated as about 250 nm. This 'particle size' corresponds to the 'aggregate structure' of carbon black characterized by several individual (more or less spherical) primary carbon particles being joined or fused together to form rod-like structures with some branching [29]. This type of aggregate structure is commonly observed during TEM experiments performed on fuel cell catalysts (see for example [30]).…”

Section: Catalyst Inks Microstructure Of the Catalyst Layer And Reflmentioning

confidence: 96%

Membrane electrode assemblies for high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells based on poly(2,5-benzimidazole) membranes with phosphoric acid impregnation via the catalyst layers

Wannek

Lehnert

Mergel

2009

Journal of Power Sources

126

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Section: Catalyst Inks Microstructure Of the Catalyst Layer And Reflmentioning

confidence: 96%

Membrane electrode assemblies for high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells based on poly(2,5-benzimidazole) membranes with phosphoric acid impregnation via the catalyst layers

Wannek

Lehnert

Mergel

2009

Journal of Power Sources

126

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“…The pore structure had not been observed from the SEM image of CB and exhibited nonadhesive appearance and formation of agglomerates. Fusing of aggregates by van der Waals forces resulted in the formation of new structures-agglomerates, as previously described in the literature [30]. Comparing with CB, MBC particles had heterogeneous pores and cavities.…”

Section: The Ftirs Of the Cb Or Mcbmentioning

confidence: 50%

Effects of Nanoscale Carbon Black Modified by HNO₃on Immobilization and Phytoavailability of Ni in Contaminated Soil

Cheng

et al. 2015

Journal of Chemistry

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A surface-modified nanoscale carbon black (MCB) as Ni adsorbent in contaminated soil was prepared by oxidizing the carbon black with 65% HNO 3 . The surface properties of the adsorbent were characterized by zeta potential analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRs). Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the improvement of Ni 2+ adsorption by MCB. Greenhouse cultivation experiments were conducted to examine the effect of MCB on the DTPA-extractable Ni 2+ in soil, Ni 2+ uptake of ryegrass shoot, and growth of ryegrass. Results indicated that MCB had much lower negative zeta potential, more functional groups for exchange and complexation of cation, and more heterogeneous pores and cavities for the adsorption of cation than the unmodified parent one (CB). MCB showed enhanced sorption capacity for Ni ( max , 49.02 mg⋅g −1 ) compared with CB ( max , 39.22 mg⋅g −1 ). Greenhouse cultivation experiment results showed that the biomass of ryegrass shoot and the Ni uptake of the ryegrass shoot were significantly increased and the concentrations of DTPA-extractable Ni in soil were significantly decreased with the increasing of MCB amount. It is clear from this work that the MCB had good adsorption properties for the Ni and could be applied in the in situ immobilization and remediation of heavy metal contaminated saline-alkali soils.

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“…4b) gave rise to slurries with almost exclusively small particles of mainly 300-600 nm in diameter (computed by the Nanophox software, particles assumed to be of ideal spherical shape, particle size distribution not shown here). This does not correspond to individual primary carbon particles but to their so-called aggregate structure [24]. However, these samples also showed some Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Pseudo-half-cell measurements on symmetrical catalyst-coated membranes and their relevance for optimizing DMFC anodes

et al. 2009

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The preparation of catalyst-coated membranes (CCMs) with two anodic catalyst layers (60% PtRu/C as catalyst) using a decal technique and their characterization by pseudo-half-cell measurements using both sides of the CCMs by simply turning the test cell around, allows the characterization of quasi-identical CCMs with a much smaller experimental uncertainty than observed for the classical direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) testing of membrane electrode assemblies under similar working conditions (5 mV vs. 12 mV at a current density of 140 mA cm -2 ). With this new sensitive tool, we study the influence of the dispersing technology and the Nafion content on the performance of DMFC anodes. While the ionomer content shows a broad optimum between 20 and 40%, the dispersing technology does not have a strong impact on the fuel cell performance under the experimental conditions of this study, but influences strongly the stability of the catalyst slurries and the homogeneity of the electrode coatings.

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Three-dimensional morphology of carbon black aggregates

Cited by 27 publications

References 1 publication

Membrane electrode assemblies for high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells based on poly(2,5-benzimidazole) membranes with phosphoric acid impregnation via the catalyst layers

Membrane electrode assemblies for high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells based on poly(2,5-benzimidazole) membranes with phosphoric acid impregnation via the catalyst layers

Effects of Nanoscale Carbon Black Modified by HNO₃on Immobilization and Phytoavailability of Ni in Contaminated Soil

Pseudo-half-cell measurements on symmetrical catalyst-coated membranes and their relevance for optimizing DMFC anodes

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Three-dimensional morphology of carbon black aggregates

Cited by 27 publications

References 1 publication

Membrane electrode assemblies for high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells based on poly(2,5-benzimidazole) membranes with phosphoric acid impregnation via the catalyst layers

Membrane electrode assemblies for high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells based on poly(2,5-benzimidazole) membranes with phosphoric acid impregnation via the catalyst layers

Effects of Nanoscale Carbon Black Modified by HNO3on Immobilization and Phytoavailability of Ni in Contaminated Soil

Pseudo-half-cell measurements on symmetrical catalyst-coated membranes and their relevance for optimizing DMFC anodes

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Effects of Nanoscale Carbon Black Modified by HNO₃on Immobilization and Phytoavailability of Ni in Contaminated Soil