Three-dimensional morphometry of the femoral condyles

Automating Analyses of the Distal Femur Articular Geometry Based on Three-Dimensional Surface Data

“…from several previous studies. 11,22,23 As the lower end moves inferiorly, the radii of the fitted circles in the medial condyle becomes closer to or greater than the radii in the lateral condyle, which agrees with what was found by Iwaki et al 10 and Eckhoff et al 7 Clearly, the subjective determination of flexion facet can lead to rather different conclusions on the relative medial and lateral condyle sizes. Even when a consistent criterion (e.g., the smallest flexion facet, see Fig.…”

“…These issues include, for instance, whether and how much the geometric center axis and transepicondylar axis differ 6,21 and which one better represents the tibiofemoral flexion axis, 2,7 whether the medial condyle is larger than the lateral condyle, and what the most accurate geometric characterization of condyle shapes should be. 23 In this article, we propose a new computational framework that enables automated analyses of the distal femur articular geometry based on 3D surface data. We focus on extracting geometric measures from the sagittal view, whereas one of the key issues is how to define and establish the sagittal plane for a distal femur in 3D in a way that is consistent and can potentially be standardized.…”

The trochlea is medialized by total knee arthroplasty: An intraoperative assessment in 61 patients

“…A plausible cause for this medial error might be the difference in distal position of the femoral condyles. Morphological studies of the distal femur have shown that in most femurs the medial condyle is positioned more distally (Yoshioka et al 1987, Nuño andAhmed 2003). This means that the resection area of the medial condyle is greater than that of the lateral condyle, when the resection is performed in a plane perpendicular to the mechanical axis of the leg.…”

Determination of Sagittal Alignment Measurements in Distal Femurs

“…All measurements were performed digitally by using the picture archiving and communication system (Kodak Carestream PACS 2006; Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, NY) and Horizon Rad Station (Medical Imaging; McKesson, San Francisco, CA). According to the 3-dimensional models using 2 circular arcs, 12 we superimposed the condyles using an ellipse. To determine the posterior slope of the condyles, the angle between the longest diameter and the anterior femur cortex was measured ( Fig.…”

“…Different descriptions of the sagittal profile as 2 or 3 circular arcs have been used. 12,13 Although several methods have been introduced to assess alignment of the knee, assessments based on plain radiographs [anterior-posterior (AP) and lateral (Lat) views] have become established as standard methods. 14 A coherent postoperative measurement of the sagittal reduction quality has not been elucidated.…”