Magneto-transport study has been performed in ZrTe 5 single crystals. The observed Shubnikov-de Hass quantum oscillation at low temperature clearly demonstrates the existence of a nontrivial band with small effective mass in ZrTe 5 . Furthermore, we also revealed the highly anisotropic nature of high-field Landau level splitting in ZrTe 5 , suggesting the dominant role of orbital contribution to the splitting. Besides these, an abnormal large enhancement of magnetoresistance appears at high temperatures, which is believed to arise from the Lifshitz transition induced two-carrier transport in ZrTe 5 . Our study provides more understanding of the physical properties of ZrTe 5 and sheds light on potential application of ZrTe 5 in spintronics.Dirac semimetals (DSMs) are three dimensional analogs of graphene, featuring gapless Dirac cones in the bulk states [1]. The well-studied DSMs, such as Na 3 Bi and Cd 3 As 2 , have been shown to exhibit ultra-high mobility, extremely large positive magnetoresistance (MR), surface Fermi arc states, and a novel negative MR related with the chiral anomaly in high energy physics [2-9]. Therefore, DSMs have triggered extensive studies exploring the potential applications in spintronics, such as magnetic sensors, as well as the intriguing Dirac fermion physics [1].Among various DSM candidates, ZrTe 5 is of particular interest. It has a layered crystal structure, which means that thickness-dependent physics can be easily accessed, even down to the ultrathin limit, i.e. one monolayer of ZrTe 5 [10,11]. Besides this, ZrTe 5 has been shown to exhibit many intriguing phenomena, such as the chiral anomaly induced negative MR [12], the nontrivial Berry phase revealed in quantum oscillation experiment [13], the anomalous Hall effect even with the magnetic field in-plane [14], and possible emergence of density wave states in the quantum limit [15,16]. What makes ZrTe 5 more special is that it lies at the boundary between weak and strong topological insulators [17]. Whether ZrTe 5 is a real DSM or not is still under active investigation in the literature [18][19][20].In this work, we have performed systematic magneto-transport study of high-quality ZrTe 5 single crystals. Clear quantum MR oscillations were observed at low temperatures, revealing the existence of a nontrivial band with tiny effective mass in ZrTe 5 . In the high field region, we also observed well-resolved Landau level splitting. It shows a very strong dependence on the tilting angle of the magnetic field, indicating the highly anisotropic nature of it, very different from previous transport studies [15]. Besides these, we also revealed an abnormal large enhancement of MR up to 820% at high temperatures, which was interpreted in terms of the Lifshitz transition induced two-carrier transport in ZrTe 5 and might be important for potential application of ZrTe 5 in spintronics.The ZrTe 5 single crystals we studied in this work were grown by the chemical vapor transport method. Stoichiometric proportions of high purity Zr (GRINM 99.9...