Three-dimensional numerical models of the evolution of pull-apart basins

Petrunin, Alexey G.; Sobolev, S. V.

doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2008.08.017

Cited by 63 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Our postulated fault structure is similar to fault geometries associated with fault releasing bends (pull‐apart basins or fault step‐overs) observed from empirical [ Crowell , ; Aydin and Nur , ; Mann et al , ; Woodcock and Fischer , ; Mann , ; Gurbuz , ], experimental [ McClay and Dooley , ; Dooley and McClay , ; Rahe et al , ; Basile and Brun , ; Sims et al , ; Atmaoui et al , ; Wu et al , ; Schreurs , ], and numerical [ Chinnery , , ; Rodgers , ; Segall and Pollard , ; Gölke et al , ; Katzman et al , ; Bertoluzza and Perotti , ; Petrunin and Sobolev , , ] studies. Classic fault releasing bends (pull‐apart basins) include a right step between right‐lateral, strike‐slip faults or a left step between left‐lateral, strike‐slip faults.…”

Section: Tectonic Interpretationsupporting

confidence: 76%

Structure of the Koyna‐Warna Seismic Zone, Maharashtra, India: A possible model for large induced earthquakes elsewhere

et al. 2015

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The Koyna-Warna area of India is one of the best worldwide examples of reservoir-induced seismicity, with the distinction of having generated the largest known induced earthquake (M6.3 on 10 December 1967) and persistent moderate-magnitude (>M5) events for nearly 50 years. Yet, the fault structure and tectonic setting that has accommodated the induced seismicity is poorly known, in part because the seismic events occur beneath a thick sequence of basalt layers. On the basis of the alignment of earthquake epicenters over an~50 year period, lateral variations in focal mechanisms, upper-crustal tomographic velocity images, geophysical data (aeromagnetic, gravity, and magnetotelluric), geomorphic data, and correlation with similar structures elsewhere, we suggest that the Koyna-Warna area lies within a right step between northwest trending, right-lateral faults. The sub-basalt basement may form a local structural depression (pull-apart basin) caused by extension within the step-over zone between the right-lateral faults. Our postulated model accounts for the observed pattern of normal faulting in a region that is dominated by north-south directed compression. The right-lateral faults extend well beyond the immediate Koyna-Warna area, possibly suggesting a more extensive zone of seismic hazards for the central India area. Induced seismic events have been observed many places worldwide, but relatively large-magnitude induced events are less common because critically stressed, preexisting structures are a necessary component. We suggest that releasing bends and fault step-overs like those we postulate for the Koyna-Warna area may serve as an ideal tectonic environment for generating moderate-to large-magnitude induced (reservoir, injection, etc.) earthquakes.

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Section: Tectonic Interpretationsupporting

confidence: 76%

Structure of the Koyna‐Warna Seismic Zone, Maharashtra, India: A possible model for large induced earthquakes elsewhere

et al. 2015

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“…Petrunin & Sobolev (2008) concluded from thermomechanic modelling studies that such a deep and relatively narrow pull-apart basin could only form in initially cold lithosphere if the major faults had low friction parameters of 0.1-0.2. Low friction conditions imply the presence of hydrous minerals and/or fluids.…”

Section: Discussion O F T H E 2 -D E L E C T R I C a L C O Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crustal metamorphic fluid flux beneath the Dead Sea Basin: constraints from 2-D and 3-D magnetotelluric modelling

et al. 2016

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S U M M A R YWe report on a study to explore the deep electrical conductivity structure of the Dead Sea Basin (DSB) using magnetotelluric (MT) data collected along a transect across the DSB where the left lateral strike-slip Dead Sea transform (DST) fault splits into two fault strands forming one of the largest pull-apart basins of the world. A very pronounced feature of our 2-D inversion model is a deep, subvertical conductive zone beneath the DSB. The conductor extends through the entire crust and is sandwiched between highly resistive structures associated with Precambrian rocks of the basin flanks. The high electrical conductivity could be attributed to fluids released by dehydration of the uppermost mantle beneath the DSB, possibly in combination with fluids released by mid-to low-grade metamorphism in the lower crust and generation of hydrous minerals in the middle crust through retrograde metamorphism. Similar high conductivity zones associated with fluids have been reported from other large fault systems. The presence of fluids and hydrous minerals in the middle and lower crust could explain the required low friction coefficient of the DST along the eastern boundary of the DSB and the high subsidence rate of basin sediments. 3-D inversion models confirm the existence of a subvertical high conductivity structure underneath the DSB but its expression is far less pronounced. Instead, the 3-D inversion model suggests a deepening of the conductive DSB sediments off-profile towards the south, reaching a maximum depth of approximately 12 km, which is consistent with other geophysical observations. At shallower levels, the 3-D inversion model reveals salt diapirism as an upwelling of highly resistive structures, localized underneath the Al-Lisan Peninsula. The 3-D model furthermore contains an E-W elongated conductive structure to the northeast of the DSB. More MT data with better spatial coverage are required, however, to fully constrain the robustness of the above-mentioned off-profile features.

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“…Most strike-slip faults accommodate oblique displacements along some segments or during part of the time they are active; strike-slip movements are associated with an assemblage of second-order related structures, including A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2 normal and/or reverse faults (Christie-Blick and Biddle, 1985). The evolution of pull-apart basins (rhombochasms) has been widely attributed to strike-slip faulting on the basis of field and experimental data (e.g., Crowell, 1974;Aydin and Nur, 1982;Sylvester, 1988;Petrunin and Sobolev, 2008;Joshi and Hayashi, 2010). These basins are characterised by sedimentary cover above the strike-slip fault in the basement (e.g., Atmaoui et al, 2006, Nemer et al, 2008, bounded on the sides by two or more faults and on their tips by diagonal transfer faults (Gürbüz, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%