Three-dimensional particle size determination in a laminar diffusion flame by tomographic laser-induced incandescence

Abstract

Non-intrusive measurement techniques are required to gain a comprehensive understanding about the processes of soot formation, growth and oxidation. Time-resolved laser-induced incandescence (TiRe-LII), commonly performed 0D or 2D within a flame, has proven to be a very suitable tool for the in situ sizing of soot primary particles. In this work, the technique is expanded to the third dimension by employing volumetric illumination and coupling it with a tomographic approach, which allows to computationally gain 3D information from 2D images taken at various angles. To minimize experimental cost, an approach using nine fiber bundles arranged in a semicircle around the flame and imaging the light onto a single camera is used. The technique is demonstrated on an ethene diffusion flame on a standard burner, providing spatially resolved 3D particle sizes. One focus of this work is to reveal the influence of input parameters such as the local bath gas temperature, which we measured by two-color pyrometry, and local laser fluence, which are both required for an accurate evaluation of the local particle size. It is shown that the assumption of an average temperature may result in a wrong picture even of qualitative soot size evaluation. In the end, a concept is proposed for a simultaneous determination of the 3D distribution of particle sizes through TiRe-LII and the required bath gas temperature via two-color pyrometry using a tomographic approach with only three cameras.

Simultaneous Inversion of Particle Size Distribution, Thermal Accommodation Coefficient, and Temperature of In-Flame Soot Aggregates Using Laser-Induced Incandescence

“…Over the past two decades, LII technology has witnessed notable advancements [ 11 , 12 ]. Initially designed for pointwise (0D) or line-wise (1D) measurements, it has evolved to facilitate 2D imaging of planar LII (PLII) signals and even 3D volumetric LII (VLII) signal reconstruction [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Spectral resolution has transcended the traditional two-wavelength approach, with LII signals now measured at three or more wavelengths, imparting richer information and reducing susceptibility to artifacts [ 16 , 17 ].…”