Three-Dimensional Photonic Circuits in Rigid and Soft Polymers Tunable by Light

Nocentini, Sara; Riboli, Francesco; Burresi, Matteo; Martella, Daniele; Parmeggiani, Camilla; Wiersma, Diederik S.

doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.8b00461

Cited by 60 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Most of the examples of light‐responsive DLW microstructures have been reported by using Liquid Crystalline Networks (LCNs) or hydrogels. In the first case, big anisotropic deformations (up to 20% of the structure length) have been reported in different environments (from air to solvents) and demonstrated in tunable photonic platforms . LCNs have an anisotropic molecular structure created by mesogenic units bonded to a polymeric backbone (both as side chain or directly inserted in the main chain) .…”

Section: Responsive Materials For Dlw: the Case Of Light‐controlled Smentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The local illumination of the actuator slightly modified (expanded) the underlying cavity radius by a mechanical tangent force. This resulted in a reproducible and reversible resonant wavelength red shift dependent on the light intensity of the stimulus …”

Section: Photonic Devices Fabricated By Dlwmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exploiting the same excitation wavelength, both the lasing and the tunability were achieved. The same approach has also been applied to passive photonic circuits . Herein, a waveguide vertically coupled to a WGMR has been fabricated by 3D patterning of a commercial glassy polymer (Figure b).…”

Section: Photonic Devices Fabricated By Dlwmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The black line spectrum is recorded without any activation of the LCN cavity, while the green one corresponds to the light‐activated blue shift of the resonance. Adapted with permission . Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society.…”

Section: Photonic Devices Fabricated By Dlwmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Printed Photoresponsive Materials for Photonics

Nocentini

Martella

Parmeggiani

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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Polymer photonics explores manufacturing of polymeric materials in order to create devices for light manipulation at the nanoscale. Available lithographic techniques give access to a truly 3D shaping, which can replicate computer‐aided designs by several methods. Among them, direct laser writing enables nanoscale precision fabrication. This platform allows integration of advanced materials for reconfigurable elements, whose shape and refractive index can be precisely controlled by external stimuli. This Progress Report collects the recent advances in the field of light‐tunable photonics, where polymers are used not only as passive elements for guiding and manipulating light but also to control the optical properties of the devices themselves. This creates dynamic structures with multifunctional performance. Starting from a brief description of light‐responsive materials patterned by direct laser writing (focusing on liquid crystalline networks), examples of integration of photonic materials on different platforms are shown—from simple photonic devices (as lenses or diffraction gratings) to their integration in photonic circuits (as active whispering gallery mode resonator coupled to waveguide). As most of the active materials are demonstrated to be biocompatible, implantable photonic platforms can be foreseen for biomedical applications.

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Section: Responsive Materials For Dlw: the Case Of Light‐controlled Smentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Photonic Devices Fabricated By Dlwmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Photonic Devices Fabricated By Dlwmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Photonic Devices Fabricated By Dlwmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

3D Printed Photoresponsive Materials for Photonics

Nocentini

Martella

Parmeggiani

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

Self Cite

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“…Light coupling into the waveguide is enabled by grating couplers that convert a free-space propagating probe pulse to an on-chip guided mode. 34…”

Section: Sample Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostics and Characterization of Photonic Circuits by Wide-Field Spatiotemporal Imaging

et al. 2020

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The growing diffusion of integrated photonic technologies requires fast and noninvasive quality control techniques for mass-production. We present a general diagnostic technique for sub-ps imaging of photonic circuits combining wide-field optical microscopy and optical gating. The simultaneous access to multiple parameters of a photonic structure enables an unprecedented characterization of its functional design 1 arXiv:2005.04392v1 [physics.optics] 9 May 2020 as opposed to typical single-domain techniques such as frequency or time domain reflectometry and near-field microscopy. The non-contact and non-perturbative nature of the technique makes it relevant for both planar and three-dimensional circuits, as well as for silicon, polymeric or hybrid platforms. We apply our technique to different photonic chip components fabricated by Direct Laser Writing, revealing the spatial and temporal hallmarks of fabrication imperfections causing losses or deviations from the intended device behavior. At the same time, the technique allows in situ probing of key properties of photonic devices as the local propagation constants of guided modes or the quality factor of resonant elements. Our method is relevant for both the scientific and the industrial communities as it lends itself to be scaled up to in-line quality control thanks to its non-scanning nature.

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Microstructured Actuation of Liquid Crystal Polymer Networks

Zhao

2019

Adv Funct Materials

104

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Smart microstructured materials enable functions such as actuation, detection, transportation, and sensing with potential applications ranging from robotics and photonics to biomedical devices. Of the many materials systems, liquid crystal polymer networks (LCN) are fascinating owing to their ability to exhibit reversible macroscopic deformation driven by a molecular order–disorder phase transition. LCN have been increasingly explored for their utility in the design and fabrication of smart actuating devices capable of complex shape changes or motions upon external stimulation of humidity, heat, light, and other stimuli, and recent studies in this field show that their actuation complexity can be enriched and actuation performance enhanced by having some sort of microstructures. Herein, the recent progress in microstructured actuation of LCN materials with substructures in scale ranging from micrometer to millimeter is reported, placing the emphasis on the main approaches to generating a microstructure in LCN, which include patterned LC director fields, patterned chain crosslinking in LCN with uniaxial orientation of mesogens, 3D/4D printing, and replica molding. The potential applications in microstructured 3D actuators and devices as well as functional LCN surfaces are also highlighted, with an outlook on important issues and future trends in smart microstructured LCN materials and actuators.

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Three-Dimensional Photonic Circuits in Rigid and Soft Polymers Tunable by Light

Cited by 60 publications

References 58 publications

3D Printed Photoresponsive Materials for Photonics

3D Printed Photoresponsive Materials for Photonics

Diagnostics and Characterization of Photonic Circuits by Wide-Field Spatiotemporal Imaging

Microstructured Actuation of Liquid Crystal Polymer Networks

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