Three-dimensional photonic crystals fabricated by simultaneous multidirectional etching

Kitano, Koji; Suzuki, Katsuyoshi; Ishizaki, Kenji; Noda, Susumu

doi:10.1103/physrevb.91.155308

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The PCSs are often introduced with defects within their lattice structures, e.g., to create waveguides [3,4,[6][7][8][9][10][11], which allow the propagation of light in a particular direction, or trap light in cavities [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. The fabrication of these PCSs is made possible through semiconductor growth techniques [2], such as etching [24] and lithography [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of intrinsic propagation losses in topological edge states of planar photonic crystals

Sauer

Vasco

Hughes

2020

Phys. Rev. Research

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Using a semianalytic guided-mode expansion technique, we present theory and analysis of intrinsic propagation losses for topological photonic crystal slab waveguide structures with modified honeycomb lattices of circular or triangular holes. Although conventional photonic crystal waveguide structures, such as the W1 waveguide, have been designed to have lossless propagation modes, they are prone to disorder-induced losses and backscattering. Topological structures have been proposed to help mitigate this effect as their photonic edge states may allow for topological protection. However, the intrinsic propagation losses of these structures are not well understood and the concept of the light line can become blurred. For four example topological edge state structures, photonic band diagrams, loss parameters, and electromagnetic fields of the guided modes are computed. Two of these structures, based on armchair edge states, are found to have significant intrinsic losses for modes inside the photonic bandgap, more than 100 dB/cm, which is comparable to or larger than typical disorder-induced losses using slow-light modes in conventional photonic crystal waveguides, while the other two structures, using the valley Hall effect and inversion symmetry, are found to have a good bandwidth for exploiting lossless propagation modes below the light line (at least in the absence of disorder).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of intrinsic propagation losses in topological edge states of planar photonic crystals

Sauer

Vasco

Hughes

2020

Phys. Rev. Research

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“…These PCSs are also often introduced with defects within their lattice structures to create waveguides 3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] , which allow the propagation of light in a particular direction, or cavities [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] , thus allowing the confinement of light. The fabrication of these types of structures is usually done through semiconductor growth techniques 2 , such as etching 25 or lithography 26 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of intrinsic propagation losses in topological edge states of planar photonic crystals

Sauer,

Vasco,

Hughes

2020

Preprint

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Using a semi-analytic guided-mode expansion technique, we present the theory and analysis of intrinsic propagation losses for three topological photonic crystal slab waveguide structures with honeycomb lattices of circular or triangular holes. Although conventional photonic crystal waveguide structures, such as the W1 waveguide, have been designed to have lossless propagation modes, they are prone to disorder-induced backscattering. Topological structures have been proposed to help mitigate this effect as their photonic edge states may allow for topological protection of backscattering. However, the intrinsic propagation losses of these structures are not well understood and the concept of the light line becomes blurred. Traditional numerical methods, such as the finitedifference time-domain method, are not very efficient for computing such losses. Therefore, the semianalytical guided-mode expansion method is a natural method of choice to analyze these structures. For the three example topological edge-state structures, photonic band diagrams, loss parameters, and electromagnetic fields of the guided modes are computed. Results show that these topological structures have significant intrinsic propagation losses, more than 100 dB/cm, which is comparable to or larger than typical disorder-induced losses using slow-light modes in conventional photonic crystal waveguides.

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“…Hierarchically porous 3D materials with porosity in the micro, meso and macro ranges are receiving increasing attention from a wide range of research fields such as energy conversion and storage areas, 1,2 catalysis, 3,4 biomedicine, 5,6 sensors, 7,8 and optics, 9,10 among others. 11 The self-assembly of colloidal spheres is a straightforward approach to produce porous 3D structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon‐Based Photonic Architectures from Hierarchically Porous Carbon Opals

Gil‐Herrera

Gallego-Gómez

Torres‐Pardo

et al. 2019

Part & Part Syst Charact

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Silicon‐based materials are needed in cutting‐edge technological fields, for which hierarchical porosity and photonic properties help improve performance. In this work, the versatility of several fabrication routes that combine silicon infiltration by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), reactive ion etching (RIE), and carbon calcination, which produce a palette of novel silicon‐based material architectures, is demonstrated. Design strategies are discussed and the main features of the processing steps are addressed to provide a variety of new silicon‐based materials with high morphological versatility and photonic quality. Three‐dimensional hollow carbon opals (HCO) permit control of the porosity of subsequent architectures through the initial silicon infiltration, while open or closed surfaces are achieved primarily as a function of RIE conditions. The composition of derived structures depends on the sequence in which the processes are applied. As a result, pure Si and hybrid C–Si inverse structures can be produced with open or closed spheres in the top layer and with an optional passivation layer. Remarkably, by properly choosing the Si infiltration parameters and the calcination/RIE procedure, final structures are achieved with double‐shell spheres.

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Three-dimensional photonic crystals fabricated by simultaneous multidirectional etching

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

Theory of intrinsic propagation losses in topological edge states of planar photonic crystals

Theory of intrinsic propagation losses in topological edge states of planar photonic crystals

Theory of intrinsic propagation losses in topological edge states of planar photonic crystals

Silicon‐Based Photonic Architectures from Hierarchically Porous Carbon Opals

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