Three-dimensional polymer coated 45S5-type bioactive glass scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells show bone formation in vivo

Abstract

45S5-type bioactive glasses are a promising alternative to established substitutes for the treatment of bone defects. Because the three-dimensional (3D) structure of bone substitutes is crucial for bone ingrowth and formation, we evaluated the osteoinductive properties of different polymer coated 3D-45S5 bioactive glass (BG) scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) in vivo. BG scaffolds coated with gelatin, cross-linked gelatin, and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) were seeded with hMSC prior to implantation into severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Newly formed bone was evaluated with histomorphometry and micro-computed tomography. Bone formation was detectable in all groups, whereas the gelatin-coated BG scaffolds showed the best results and should be considered in further studies.

Bone formation of human mesenchymal stem cells harvested from reaming debris is stimulated by low-dose bone morphogenetic protein-7 application in vivo

“…2,17 Furthermore, b-TCP-granules should be replaced by either solid b-TCP-scaffolds to provide a more standardized model or alternative bone substitutes like bioactive glasses, which can be tested within the experimental model described. 7,18 Another promising way to stimulate bone formation clinically could be the use of the patient's own plateletrich plasma (PRP), containing a physiological mix of a lot of growth and differentiation factors. 19 PRP could be a promising alternative to commercially available recombinant differentiation factors, especially in combination with new bone scaffold substitutes.…”

Crystallization and Mechanical Properties of (45s5-Ha) Biocomposite for Biomedical Implantation

“…Bioactive glass can form a chemical bond with living hard tissues through the development of a surface layer of carbonated hydroxyapatite [8]. Bioactive glass, particularly 45S5 [9,10] has been widely used in clinical practices because of its excellent biocompatibility, osteogenic capability, and osteointegrative properties. It is reported that BG guides and promotes osteogenesis and allows rapid bone formation.…”

Combining advantages: Direct correlation of two‐dimensional microcomputed tomography datasets onto histomorphometric slides to quantify three‐dimensional bone volume in scaffolds

“…Thus, a combination of the positive aspects of both methods would help to assess bone formation in scaffolds directly. Whilst there are approaches for the parallel analysis of actual bone in histomorphometry and mCT, the analysis of scaffolds is technically more difficult, because the newly built bone within the scaffold material does not present the anatomical and morphological correlates of actual bone with its cortical and cancellous parts . What can be detected in histomorphometry is a calcified, osteoid‐like structure defined as precursor of bone tissue around the scaffold material .…”

“…Whilst there are approaches for the parallel analysis of actual bone in histomorphometry and mCT, the analysis of scaffolds is technically more difficult, because the newly built bone within the scaffold material does not present the anatomical and morphological correlates of actual bone with its cortical and cancellous parts . What can be detected in histomorphometry is a calcified, osteoid‐like structure defined as precursor of bone tissue around the scaffold material . The missing clear anatomical correlates of calcified tissue in scaffolds make a direct identification of the respective region of interest (ROI) in mCT difficult, because these structures cannot be clearly identified by their morphological correlates as would be possible in actual bone …”

“…In this study, bone formation of ß‐Tricalciumphosphate (ß‐TCP) scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells isolated from iliac crest aspirate (BMSC) was assessed using standardized in vivo tissue engineering protocols obtaining ectopic bone formation as described previously . Assessment and quantification of bone formation within the scaffolds was carried out using both mCT and histomorphometry in direct combination and correlation.…”