Three-Dimensional Porous Scaffolds Derived from Bovine Cancellous Bone Matrix Promote Osteoinduction, Osteoconduction, and Osteogenesis

Abstract

The use of three-dimensional porous scaffolds derived from decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) is increasing for functional repair and regeneration of injured bone tissue. Because these scaffolds retain their native structures and bioactive molecules, in addition to showing low immunogenicity and good biodegradability, they can promote tissue repair and regeneration. Nonetheless, imitating these features in synthetic materials represents a challenging task. Furthermore, due to the complexity of bone tissue, different processes are necessary to maintain these characteristics. We present a novel approach using decellularized ECM material derived from bovine cancellous bone by demineralization, decellularization, and hydrolysis of collagen to obtain a three-dimensional porous scaffold. This study demonstrates that the three-dimensional porous scaffold obtained from bovine bone retained its osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties and presented osteogenic potential when seeded with human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stromal cells (hWJ-MSCs). Based on its characteristics, the scaffold described in this work potentially represents a therapeutic strategy for bone repair.

Effect of β-TCP Powder Derived from Biomaterials on Regeneration of the Femoral Bone Defects in Rabbits

“…Similarly, other studies indicated that the size of porosity on the CaP surface (<50 µm) is considered as micropores [14,15]. Moreover, a previous study proposed that the osteoconductive properties of powder ceramics can be improved by increasing the microporosity [16,17]. Furthermore, researchers showed that the micropores can enhance the local mechanical properties of powders.…”

Cell-Based Tissue Engineering for Guided Bone Regeneration in Rats: A Preliminary Study with 3D-Printed β-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffolds and Polydioxanone Membranes

“…Physical, chemical, mechanical, or electrical signals [8,9]. The interaction between the mentioned elements is directly related to the chemical and topographic characteristics of the scaffold (similar to the extracellular matrix), which will act as a physical layer for cell development and differentiation [9][10][11].…”

Platelet-rich fibrin as an autologous biomaterial for bone regeneration: mechanisms, applications, optimization

“…Among these, osteoconduction is the property that allows the bone to grow on the surface of the bone substitute material (BSM) or to grow downward into the voids or channels of the material ( Weber, 2019 ). In bone healing, the extracellular matrix (ECM) component that exerts an osteoconductive role allows differentiated osteoblasts to adhere, migrate, and proliferate at the site of injury while its interconnected voids facilitate adequate blood vessel formation ( Malagon-Escandon et al, 2021 ). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) present in bone and its surrounding tissues that are essential for bone healing or implant fixation, but are less differentiated, can be recruited to form bone progenitor cells and develop into differentiated osteoblasts over time with appropriate stimulation (common inducing agents, such as growth factors), which is a process known as osteoinduction ( Albrektsson and Johansson, 2001 ; Vermeulen et al, 2022 ).…”