Three-dimensional printing of energetic materials: A review

Zhang, Jichi; He, Kuai; Zhang, Da-wei; Dong, Ji-dong; Li, Bing; Liu, Yi-Jie; Gao, Guo‐Lin; Jiang, Zaixing

doi:10.1016/j.enmf.2022.04.001

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 61 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The authors of a 2022 article concluded that "generalizable methods for energetic material molding remain challenging." 53 Despite this assessment, by the end of the ten-year period of consideration, such capabilities are likely to be available as "additive manufacturing shows the potential to significantly reduce the time and cost expenses associated with prototyping, transportation, and application of functional [explosive] devices while reducing the lifecycle environmental impact." 54 The economic impact of AM is challenging to predict.…”

Section: Vulnerabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Technology and Risk Analysis: Additive Manufacturing

2024

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A dditive manufacturing (AM) or threedimensional (3D) printing-which is a subset of the broader advanced manufacturing revolution-has reached a level of technological maturity, accessibility, and availability in the past decade that contributes to an exponentially increasing proliferation of the technology across a wide variety of licit and illicit use cases. This growth has been fueled by complementary technology advancements in materials science, computer-aided design, and artificial intelligence (AI), to name a few. The fact that more 3D printing materials and techniques are available has contributed to more sophisticated use cases.Although AM technology has been maturing for more than four decades, the 2013 printing of a 3D printed gun brought the issue to the forefront and illustrated the potential for illicit use cases that could threaten national security. The distributed nature of 3D printing allows development of madefor-purpose technologies to support a wide variety of uses. It facilitates decentralized manufacturing, rapid prototyping, and proliferation of basic designs that can be tailored to meet user specifications. These user specifications can include

show abstract

Section: Vulnerabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Technology and Risk Analysis: Additive Manufacturing

2024

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Al-based nanoenergetic composites are a new type of energetic materials mainly composed of Al nanoparticles (nAl) and oxidants (such as oxides and fluorides) − and have attracted much attention in the field of energetic materials. Due to the close contact of the reaction components at the nanoscale, they often exhibit high energy density, a fast and tunable reaction rate, short ignition delay time, and excellent combustion performance. − At present, they have wide applications in the fields of ignition and propulsion. , However, since the atomic activity on the surface of nAl is extremely high and unstable, their surface can be easily oxidized and form an Al 2 O 3 passivation layer. − As a result, the nAl with reduced reactivity first break open the Al 2 O 3 shell during the redox reaction, and then, the inside active nAl melted can overflow and undergo an exothermic reaction with the oxidant. ,, Therefore, the Al 2 O 3 nanolayer on the nAl surface has a direct influence on the energy performance of Al-based nanoenergetic composites, which may be the key to further optimize and regulate its reaction performance in addition to controlling the equivalence ratio of the Al fuel and oxidant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Al@Polytannic Acid/Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanoenergetic Films for Controlled Combustion

Chen,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The development of nanoenergetic materials with adjustable reaction performance is the key to achieving controllable ignition and propulsion. It has become one of the research hotspots of scientists in the field of energetic materials. Due to its excellent combustion performance and good film-forming properties, the Al/PVDF energetic system with controllable reactivity has a wide application potential for ignition and propulsion. In this work, an Al@PTA/PVDF nanoenergetic film with tunable performance was successfully prepared by in situ coating a polytannic acid (PTA) interface on the surface of Al nanoparticles (nAl) and a composite assembly with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The differential scanning calorimetry results show that the main exothermic peak of the Al@PTA/PVDF film is 7.0 °C higher than that of the pure Al/PVDF nanoenergetic film when the coating thickness of the PTA interface is adjusted, and the PTA interlayer can also change the reaction mode of nAl and PVDF to a multiband exothermic. In addition, with the thickening of the PTA interface, the activation energy of the Al@PTA/PVDF film increases from 270.2 to 316.1 kJ/mol, and its average burning rate gradually decreases to 152.68 mm/s. These results indicate that the PTA interface can better control the combustion reaction of Al/PVDF, which will promote its application in the field of controllable combustion and controllable propulsion. It is concluded that the degree of contact and the diffusion length of mass transfer between the reaction components can be changed by introducing an intermediate nanolayer between the fuel and the oxidant, which allows the combustion performance of various composite energetic materials to be adjusted.

show abstract

“…The implementation of additive manufacturing techniques has yielded significant advancements in a number of sectors in recent years [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Furthermore, solid propellant grains are of particular interest in different field of energetics, where rapid gas production with compact devices is required (e.g., beside space propulsion, air-bags and fire extinguishers).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In parallel, photo-polymerization has lately emerged as a viable alternative to traditional manufacturing in a variety of industries [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Finally, extensive reviews have been performed on the application of various 3D printing technologies in energetic materials [ 6 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological and Mechanical Characterization of 3D-Printable Solid Propellant Slurry

Zumbo,

Stumpo,

Antonaci

et al. 2024

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study delves into the rheological and mechanical properties of a 3D-printable composite solid propellant with 80% wt solids loading. Polybutadiene is used as a binder with ammonium sulfate, which is added as an inert replacement for the ammonium perchlorate oxidizer. Further additives are introduced to allow for UV curing. An in-house illumination system made of four UV-A LEDs (385 nm) is employed to cure the resulting slurry. Rheological and mechanical tests are conducted to evaluate the viscosity, ultimate tensile strength and strain, and compression behavior. Viscosity tests are performed for both pure resin and complete propellant composition. A viscosity reduction factor is obtained for the tested formulations when pre-heating slurry. Uniaxial tensile and compression tests reveal that the mechanical properties are consistent with previous research. Results emphasize the critical role of temperature and solid loading percentage. Pre-heating resin composites may grant a proper viscosity reduction while keeping mechanical properties in the applicability range. Overall, these findings pave the way for the development of a 3D printer prototype for composite solid propellants.

show abstract

Three-dimensional printing of energetic materials: A review

Cited by 21 publications

References 61 publications

Emerging Technology and Risk Analysis: Additive Manufacturing

Emerging Technology and Risk Analysis: Additive Manufacturing

Al@Polytannic Acid/Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanoenergetic Films for Controlled Combustion

Rheological and Mechanical Characterization of 3D-Printable Solid Propellant Slurry

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About