Three-dimensional radar imaging techniques and systems for near-field applications

Sheen, David M.; Hall, Thomas; McMakin, Douglas L.; Jones, Anthony M.; Tedeschi, Jonathan R.

doi:10.1117/12.2229235

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Generally, THz waves are referred to the spectrum from 0.1 to 10 THz, which lie in the gap between the microwave and infrared. In recent years, many THz imaging systems have been designed and developed for various applications, particularly for nondestructive testing (NDT) and security inspection [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The imaging frame rate and system cost are generally the key factors in the practical application which should be considered in the development of terahertz imaging technology. Early terahertz antennas were difficult and expensive to manufacture, therefore, imaging systems were often developed based on a single transceiver combined with a mechanical scanning scheme, such as a quasi-optical element combined with a rotatable mirror for beam focusing and spatial scanning [12][13][14][15][16]. In addition, the method combining the concept of synthetic aperture with quasi-optical scanning was proposed to integrate the fan-beam imaging system in the THz band [2].With the reduction of the cost of terahertz devices and the development of MIMO technology [17,18], the active THz-MIMO technology has caught more and more attention [19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to further improve the azimuth resolution through a given number of hardware channels, the bistatic sparse array topology is usually employed [23]. Due to the complexity of the MIMO system with sparse array geometry and the coupling of the transceiver array in the wavenumber domain, the traditional FFT based SAR mono-static imaging algorithms, such as the fast algorithm employed in [14], cannot be directly applied to the MIMO system with the bi-static scheme. Therefore, the imaging result of the MIMO systems is conventionally reconstructed based on the back projection (BP) algorithm [7], [25], which is based on time-domain signal phase compensation and multi-channel coherent summation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phase Shift Migration With SIMO Superposition for MIMO-Sidelooking Imaging at Terahertz Band

Yang

Gao

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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In this paper, the enhanced phase shift migration (PSM) algorithm for multi-input-multioutput (MIMO) side-looking (SL) scheme was proposed for the 2-dimension (2D) fast image reconstruction in the terahertz (THz) band. By decomposing the MIMO imaging problem into a superposition of several single-input-multiple-output (SIMO) sub-arrays, the proposed algorithm can be applied to systems with randomly distributed transmitting array. By deriving and applying the modified phase shift factor and necessary phase compensation, zero-padding in the transmitting array and data reorganization in the spatialfrequency domain of the conventional wavenumber domain MIMO algorithm can be totally avoided, which will hopefully further reduce the amount of calculation. A comprehensive MIMO-SL-EPSM algorithm was established in the wavenumber domain. Proof-of-principle experiments in the 0.1-THz band were performed based on a MIMO-SL prototype system. The reconstructed images for different targets with high efficiency and quality demonstrate the theoretical results and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. INDEX TERMS multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO), phase shift migration (PSM), terahertz (THz), image reconstruction algorithm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phase Shift Migration With SIMO Superposition for MIMO-Sidelooking Imaging at Terahertz Band

Yang

Gao

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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“…Near-field 3-D imaging is a microwave imaging technique that is developed on the basis of two-dimensional (2-D) synthetic aperture imaging. As it has higher spatial resolution capability, and has easy availability for engineering realization, near-field 3-D imaging is widely applied in Radar Cross Section (RCS) [ 1 ], non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDTE) [ 2 , 3 ], security check [ 4 ], concealed weapon detection [ 5 , 6 , 7 ], through-wall and inner wall imaging [ 8 , 9 ], breast cancer detection [ 10 , 11 ], etc. So far, a variety of techniques have been applied in near-field 3-D imaging to improve its performance, such as imaging based on range migration algorithm (RMA) [ 12 , 13 , 14 ] and polar format algorithm (PFA) [ 14 ], tomography imaging method [ 15 ], microwave holography method [ 16 ], confocal radar-based imaging [ 17 ], and NUFFT-based imaging [ 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Sparsity Constraint Interferometric ISAR Imaging for 3-D Geometry of Near-Field Targets with Sub-Apertures

Fang

Wang

Sun

et al. 2018

Sensors

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This paper proposes a new interferometric near-field 3-D imaging approach based on multi-channel joint sparse reconstruction to solve the problems of conventional methods, i.e., the irrespective correlation of different channels in single-channel independent imaging which may lead to deviated positions of scattering points, and the low accuracy of imaging azimuth angle for real anisotropic targets. Firstly, two full-apertures are divided into several sub-apertures by the same standard; secondly, the joint sparse metric function is constructed based on scattering characteristics of the target in multi-channel status, and the improved Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) method is used for imaging solving, so as to obtain high-precision 3-D image of each sub-aperture; thirdly, comprehensive sub-aperture processing is performed using all sub-aperture 3-D images to obtain the final 3-D images; finally, validity of the proposed approach is verified by using simulation electromagnetic data and data measured in the anechoic chamber. Experimental results show that, compared with traditional interferometric ISAR imaging approaches, the algorithm proposed in this paper is able to provide a higher accuracy in scattering center reconstruction, and can effectively maintain relative phase information of channels.

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“…X-ray-based imaging system is efficient and robust for all kinds of concealed objects, but its ionising radiation is harmful to human beings, hence its massive use in the public is limited. The microwave imaging technique has been widely used in personnel security screening due to its high resolution and non-ionised property [1,2]. The electromagnetic waves at a higher frequency range of microwave (3-300 GHz) can penetrate cloths and reflect from metal, human skin or other high permittivity dielectric object.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D MIMO imaging architecture for walk through personnel security screening

Zhou

Jian

Pan

et al. 2018

IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation

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A high‐resolution imaging system for short‐range personnel security screening based on a novel multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) array is presented. It overcomes the problem of specular reflection which occurs in the most state‐of‐the‐art mono‐static‐based configuration. Prior to the state‐of‐the‐art portal‐based architecture, this system is able to reconstruct three‐dimensional (3D) image of the whole body and detect a concealed weapon in secret while passenger walking through the hallway or intersection, which is a potential for realising a reconfigurable system to monitor the marching crowd. The architecture consists of four transmitter columns and two receiver circles, illumination area which covers the most concerned part of the human body. The reduced number of sensors and no moving part characteristic make authors’ system cost efficient and robust. A ray‐tracing technique is applied to fast estimate its illumination and imaging performance. Several numerical experiments based on the frequency modulated continuous wave model with 10–25 GHz frequency sweeping are proposed to reach both azimuth and range 1 cm resolution. 3D results of these experiments show that authors’ system works well on whole‐body imaging and threat object detection.

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Three-dimensional radar imaging techniques and systems for near-field applications

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

Phase Shift Migration With SIMO Superposition for MIMO-Sidelooking Imaging at Terahertz Band

Phase Shift Migration With SIMO Superposition for MIMO-Sidelooking Imaging at Terahertz Band

Joint Sparsity Constraint Interferometric ISAR Imaging for 3-D Geometry of Near-Field Targets with Sub-Apertures

3D MIMO imaging architecture for walk through personnel security screening

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