Three‐dimensional real and virtual models in fetal surgery: a real vision

Abstract

While relatively new, fetal surgery has become an indispensable part of the field of Obstetrics as it allows potentially life‐threatening conditions to be corrected in utero. Imaging modalities such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and computer tomography have become staples in fetal imaging, as they allow for comprehensive analysis of the fetal anatomy. Uses of these modalities can range from chromosomal diagnosis to surgical planning. Scientific development has not only allowed for visualization in the three‐dimensional plane, but the implementation of virtual reality technology is also now a possibility. It is our belief that integrating virtual reality technology will help overcome hurdles currently faced by fetal surgeons including candidate selection and clearly observing fetal anatomy. Training opportunities are also probably, as surgeons and residents can use models created during these virtual reality experiences to study and prepare for complications that may arise during surgical intervention.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Advancement of 3D printing technology for the development of a training model in US‐guided vesicoamniotic shunting for early LUTO therapy

“…As a disadvantage could be mentioned, that surgeons interested in training have to move to the places where training can be offered. Other groups concentrate in new digital forms of training and teaching fetal surgery based on virtual reality, combining it with devices which allow simulation haptic feeling 21–23 . This techniques offer the possibility to train in a virtualized environment being able to simulate very complex scenarios even if the surgeons are located in different places.…”

“…This techniques offer the possibility to train in a virtualized environment being able to simulate very complex scenarios even if the surgeons are located in different places. The potential benefits of this models have been evaluated by other authors 23 …”

“…The potential benefits of this models have been evaluated by other authors. 23 This model has some limitations like being a reduced model of a fetus in the 14th week of gestation, without extremities. For this reason, it is not possible to simulate the position of the extremities during the location of the shunt.…”

Advancements in surgical education: exploring animal and simulation models in fetal and neonatal surgery training

“…3D models can be created with many of the characteristics of the original structures, including their dimensions, geometry, surface roughness and even color ( 15 ). 3D models allow surgeons and residents to adopt a more hands-on approach to learning complex procedures without a patient needing to be present ( 44 ). This limits risk to patients and allows for more training time.…”

“…This limits risk to patients and allows for more training time. Similar to AR and VR, 3D models can also provide a clearer explanation to parents, facilitating a better understanding of complicated anatomy and intricate procedures ( 44 ).…”