Three dimensional simulation of a DC free burning arc. Application to lightning physics

The physical concept of recoil leader formation

“…Evolution of the measured and computed internal voltage gradient E int in a free-burning arc after applying 100 A step-current (adapted from Ref. [2]. Modeled are two leader channels 0f 0.5 m and 1 m length.…”

Lightning strike thermal damage model for glass fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites and its application to wind turbine blades

“…The amount of heat released depends on the polarity of the material. For instance, the maximum heat flux Q max generated by the electric current flowing from the arc channel to the anode structure is approximated as [26]:…”

Three-Dimensional Unsteady MHD Modeling of a Low-Current High-Voltage Nontransferred DC Plasma Torch Operating With Air

“…The time step ∆t is set to 10 µs as Chemartin et al [3], [41]. This time step allows obtaining fair plasma characteristics with a reasonable computation time.…”

“…With computing power improvement, models get more and more sophisticated and close to real conditions thus allowing today the simulation of three-dimensional and unsteady systems with detailed geometry description. Numerous fluid models have been reported in the literature mostly on direct current (DC) arc discharge modeling using Digital Object Identifier high current above 100 A [1], [2] including: free burning arcs [3], [4], transferred arcs [5]- [7] and non-transferred arcs [8]- [11]. Many DC arc plasma torches models have been developed for different applications [12] as: cutting [13], welding [14], deposition and spraying [8]- [11], [15], [16], steelmaking [7], waste disposal [17] and ultra fine particle production [18].…”