Rock-Filled Concrete (RFC) is an innovative mass concrete technology. To date, RFC technology has been used to build a great number of gravity dams and arch dams. Since it was invented in 2003, many experimental and numerical research works have been conducted. During the construction process of RFC, an assembly of large rocks with more than 300 mm in grain size, called rockfill, can be cemented with a high-performance self-compacting concrete (HSCC). The RFC technology combines the advantages of masonry and concrete, in that it decreases cement consumption, lowers temperature rise of cement hydration, and reduces shrinkage of concrete. This paper aims at acquainting readers with a timely review of state-of-the-art research on RFC technology, including (1) workability of HSCC and compactness of RFC, (2) thermal and mechanical properties of RFC, (3) structures of an RFC dam and (4) construction and quality control measurements.