Three-Dimensional Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics Modeling and Experimental Analysis of the Ballistic Performance of Steel-Based FML Targets

Abstract

In this paper, shields made of 1.3964 stainless steel bonded to a fiber laminate were subjected to ballistic impact response of 7.62 × 51 mm ŁPS (light projectile with a lead core) projectiles. Additionally, between the steel sheet metal and the laminate, a liquid-filled bag was placed, which was a mixture of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) with 5 wt.% SiO2 nanopowder. Numerical modeling of the projectile penetrating the samples was carried out using the finite element method in the Abaqus program. The elasto-plastic behavior of the projectile material and the component layers of the shields was taken into account. Projectile penetration through glycol-filled bag has been performed using the smooth particle hydrodynamics technique. The morphology of the penetration channel was also analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. For the shield variant with a glycol-filled bag between the steel and laminate plates, the inlet speed of projectile was 834 m/s on average, and 366 m/s behind the sample. For the variant where there was no glycol-filled bag between the steel and laminate plates, the inlet and outlet average velocities were 836 m/s, after 481 m/s, respectively. Referring to the steel-glycol-laminate and steel-laminate variants, it can be concluded that the laminate-glycol-laminate is more effective.

Fabric Impregnation with Shear Thickening Fluid for Ballistic Armor Polymer Composites: An Updated Overview

“…A different method was also observed in the works of Haro et al [ 124 ], Jeddi et al [ 174 ] and Kubit et al [ 179 ], as they made use of metallic plates to enhance the ballistic performance of the armor. The first two works [ 124 , 174 ] used Al plates in a sandwich set with impregnated ballistic fabric.…”

“…As aforementioned, Kubit et al [ 179 ] evaluated the ballistic performance of a multi-layered material made with 1.3964 stainless steel plates, aramid fabrics, and an STF-filled bag of ethylene-glycol with 5 wt% SiO . The authors tested three variants: steel–fabric, steel–STF–fabric, and fabric–STF–fabric.…”

“…In the same way as Kubit et al [ 179 ], but with different panel material, Cho et al [ 170 ], in a novel application of a natural material, used the STF as a back layer of Henji papers, a paper widely known in Korea. The STF was made with cornstarch dispersed in water and was put in zipper bags for a steadier fix.…”

Technologies for Joining and Forming Thin-Walled Structures in the Construction of Transportation Vehicles

“…A lower weight facilitates logistics activities and also leads to a reduction in energy consumption and, finally, can lead to increased transport capacity. The authors of paper [ 20 ] presented the results of research investigating the ballistic efficiency of plate structures composed of layers with different properties, conducted in the search for alternative solutions to armor steel, which has at least twice the density of the investigated materials. The paper investigated the extent to which the considered layered coatings absorbed the energy of a 7.62 mm bullet.…”