Three-Dimensional Soft Tissue Prediction Using Finite Elements

Holberg, Christof; Heine, Anne-Kathrin; Geis, Philipp; Schwenzer, K.; Rudzki-Janson, Ingrid

doi:10.1007/s00056-005-0422-7

Cited by 32 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…A considerable disadvantage with the use of methods based on conventional light is that only the skin is detected as a surface, with no information about the underlying structures. In addition, the undercutting (“shadow”) that is produced by conventional light during detection of a three-dimensional surface can make evaluation impossible in some areas [ 23 , 24 ]. These problems can be avoided with three-dimensional radiographic methods such as CBCT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The methods most often used in the past have included photography and two-dimensional lateral cephalography [ 18 – 21 ]. Recently, various optical procedures such as laser projection, glancing-light projection, and stereophotogrammetry have made it possible to capture spatial, three-dimensional parameters [ 18 , 22 , 23 ]. In radiography, computed tomography (CT) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) can be used [ 18 , 22 – 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of maxillary advancement surgery on skeletal and soft-tissue changes in the nose — a retrospective cone-beam computed tomography study

et al. 2015

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ObjectivesSurgical correction of skeletal maxillary retroposition is often associated with changes in the morphology of the nose. Unwanted alar flaring of the nose is observed in many cases. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate the influence of surgical advancement of the maxilla on changes in the soft-tissue morphology of the nose. Having a coefficient that allows prediction of change in the nasal width in Caucasian patients after surgery would be helpful for treatment planning.Materials and methodsAll 33 patients included in this retrospective study were of Caucasian descent and had skeletal Class III with maxillary retrognathia. They were all treated with maxillary advancement using a combination of orthodontic and maxillofacial surgery methods. Two cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) datasets were available for all of the study's participants (16 female, 17 male; age 24.3 ± 10.4 years): the first CBCT imaging was obtained before the planned procedure (T0) and the second 14.1 ± 6.4 months postoperatively (T1). Morphological changes were recorded three-dimensionally using computer-aided methods (Mimics (Materialise NV, Leuven/Belgium), Geomagic (Geomagics, Morrisville/USA)). Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 21 for Mac.ResultsThe mean sagittal advancement of the maxilla was 5.58 mm. The width of the nose at the alar base (Alb) changed by a mean of + 2.59 mm (±1.26 mm) and at the ala (Al) by a mean of + 3.17 mm (±1.32 mm). Both of these changes were statistically highly significant (P = 0.000). The increase in the width of the nose corresponded to approximately half of the maxillary advancement distance in over 80 % of the patients. The nasolabial angle declined by an average of −6.65° (±7.71°).ConclusionsMaxillary advancement correlates with a distinct morphological change in nasal width. This should be taken into account in the treatment approach and in the information provided to patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of maxillary advancement surgery on skeletal and soft-tissue changes in the nose — a retrospective cone-beam computed tomography study

et al. 2015

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“…A number of increasingly sophisticated techniques are available for orthognathic treatment and surgery planning ( 1 ). Currently, the most used method to analyses pre- to postoperative changes of hard and soft tissue is two dimensional analysis by cephalograms ( 22 , 23 ). Three dimensional models based on various techniques ( 2 , 11 , 22 , 24 ) are also in use, but because of high costs and difficult application not clinical routine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphologic outcome of bimaxillary surgery-An anthropometric appraisal

Raschke¹,

Rieger²,

Peisker³

et al. 2015

Med Oral

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Objectives: To adequately perform orthognathic surgery procedures, it is from basic interest to understand the morphologic changes caused by orthognathic surgery. Anthropometric analyses of standardized frontal view and profile photographs could help to investigate and understand such changes. Study Design: We present a pre- to postoperative evaluation of orthognathic surgery results based on anthropometric indices described by Farkas and cephalometric measurements. 30 Class III patients undergoing maxillary advancement by Le Fort I Osteotomy and mandibular setback by bilateral sagittal split osteotomy were evaluated. Preoperative as well as three and nine months postoperative lateral cephalograms as well as standardized frontal view and profile photographs were taken. On the photographs 21 anthropometric indices given by Farkas were evaluated. In cephalograms SNA and SNB angle as well as Wits appraisal were investigated. Results: The investigated anthropometric indices showed a significant increase of the vertical height of the upper lip without changing the relation of the upper vermilion to the cutaneous upper lip. The lower vermilion height increased relatively to the cutaneous lower lip without vertical changes in the lower lip. Due to maxillary advancement the upper face height increased meanwhile the lower face height decreased due to mandibular setback. SNA and SNB angle and Wits appraisal showed typical changes related to surgery. Conclusions: The investigated photo-assisted anthropometric measurements presented reproducible results related to bimaxillary surgery. Key words:Orthognathic surgery, bimaxillary surgery, anthropometry, Class III.

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“…[17][18][19][20][21] The simulation models applied here represent an idealization of reality. The more refined FEM models are, the more precise and realistic the simulation results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Sutural Strain in Maxillary Protraction Therapy

Holberg

Mahaini²,

Rudzki³

2007

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: The goal of the study was to examine the strain in the sutures of the midface and the cranial base with maxillary protraction therapy and to clarify whether such stretching suggests a skeletal effect of the apparatus employed for that purpose. Materials and Methods: Using a finite elements model, a maxillary protraction therapy was simulated with various force levels and vectors, and the strains appearing at the sutures (in strain) were measured at the midface and the cranial base. The simulation model we employed consisted of 53,555 individual elements; the simulated forces were 2 ϫ 3 N and 2 ϫ 5 N, while the vectors of the applied forces were in the anterior and anterior caudal direction. Results:The maximum measured strains were on average below 10 strain, while higher values were measured only at the nasal bone and at the cranial base at the oval and spinous foramina with anterior directed force vectors (26.4 strain). With an anterior-caudal force vector, the measured values were usually lower. Discussion: The measured strains were on average about hundredfold lower than the Frost thresholds (2000 strain). It does not seem probable that the strains occurring upon maxillary protraction therapy suffice to stimulate any additional bone growth. Conclusion:The good clinical efficacy of maxillary protraction therapy is apparently based, for the most part, on dental effects, while its skeletal effects still remain doubtful.

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Three-Dimensional Soft Tissue Prediction Using Finite Elements

Abstract: Three-dimensional soft tissue prediction employing finite element modeling is a useful aid for implementing esthetically-optimized treatment planning.

Cited by 32 publications

References 48 publications

Influence of maxillary advancement surgery on skeletal and soft-tissue changes in the nose — a retrospective cone-beam computed tomography study

Influence of maxillary advancement surgery on skeletal and soft-tissue changes in the nose — a retrospective cone-beam computed tomography study

Morphologic outcome of bimaxillary surgery-An anthropometric appraisal

Analysis of Sutural Strain in Maxillary Protraction Therapy

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