Three Dimensional Space-Time Gravitational Metric, 3 Space + 3 Time Dimensions

Haug, Espen Gaarder

doi:10.4236/jhepgc.2021.74074

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This has been demonstrated by Haug [46]. Further, one gets a much better fit with the Planck scale; see [42] and [43] as well as the Hubble scale. Absurd hypotheses, such as wormholes, also become mathematically impossible; see [47].…”

Section: The Planck Speedmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…With the invention of Minkowski's [40] geometry for space-time and the four vector approach, Einstein abandoned relativistic mass altogether; see [41]. General relativity theory therefore totally ignores relativistic mass; something that has recently been pointed out could be a weakness in the theory; see [42], [43]. Einstein relied on relativistic momentum instead.…”

Section: The Planck Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Planck Speed: the Missing Speed of Physics? Absolute Still Without Breaking Lorentz Symmetry!

Haug

2022

EJPHYSICS

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Today, the speed of light is one of the cornerstones of modern physics. It is the maximum speed limit for transferring information, and plays a very central role in relativity theory. It also seems to be the same as the assumed and measured speed of gravity (gravitons and/or gravitational waves). We are not questioning the speed of light, as we indeed think it is the maximum speed limit and that it is identical to the speed ofgravity, but we also think photons lead us to a second speed limit, which we will term the Planck speed. Photon-photon collisions are part of modern physics, but what is not discussed is the speed of two photons during the very moment of a photon-photon collision. How can photons move during a collision? Or, assumea photon is reflected by a mirror; to do so it must collide with the building blocks of the mirror, yet how can it be moving during the very collision point? Also, modern physics assumes mass can be created in a photon-photon collision. We suggest this mass is the Planck mass particle and that it only lasts one Planck time, so when two photons collide, we will claim they must stand still for the direct observer. That is, we suggest thatthe speed of the Planck mass particle is always zero, but that this zero-velocity can only last for one Planck time. That it only lasts one Planck time means it will not break with the relativity principle or Lorenz symmetry, or at least what we can call weak Lorentz symmetry. We will show that the missing Plank mass particle is the very collision point between two photons, and that this is fully in line with predictions in other researchers’ findings in relation to the possible photon mass. This new view seems to solve the missing mass-gap, and seems able to unify gravity with quantum mechanics. This again seems to unify photons with mass, because one of the long-outstanding questions in physics is whether photons have mass or not. In addition, we showhow to find, in a very simple way directly from gravitational observations, lp/tp= cg = c, which is the upper speed limit (the speed of light and gravity) independent of any knowledge of G or ~ or c.

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Section: The Planck Speedmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: The Planck Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planck Speed: the Missing Speed of Physics? Absolute Still Without Breaking Lorentz Symmetry!

Haug

2022

EJPHYSICS

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“…For example, in general relativity theory, the Planck mass has a Schwarzschild radius twice the Planck length (do not fit the Planck length), and the gravitational acceleration at the Schwarzschild radius is one-fourth of the Planck acceleration, and the density is only one-eighth of the Planck mass density. When taking into account Lorentz's relativistic mass, all the properties of the Planck scale fit a micro black hole with mass size equal to the Planck mass; see Haug [27].…”

Section: Are Wormholes Allowed In the Collision Space-time Metric?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wormholes Do Not Exist: They Are Mathematical Artifacts from an Incomplete Gravitational Theory

Haug¹

2022

JHEPGC

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The Schwarzschild solution to the Einstein field equation leads to a solution that has been interpreted as wormholes. While many researchers have been sceptical about this interpretation, others have been positive about it. We show that wormholes are not mathematically allowed in the spherical metric of a newly-released unified quantum gravity theory known as collision space-time [1] [2] [3]. We, therefore, have reasons to believe that wormholes in general relativity theory are nothing more than a mathematical artefact due to an incomplete theory, but we are naturally open to discussions about this point. The premise that wormholes likely do not exist falls nicely into line with a series of other intuitive predictions from collision space-time where general relativity theory falls short, such as matching the full spectrum of the Planck scale for micro "black holes".

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“…Relativistic mass has gotten more attention in the past few years. Haug and Spavieri [23,24] have shown that general relativity theory, when it comes to micro black holes, can match only, at maximum, one or two properties of the Planck scale at the same time. With properties of the Planck scale, we think about such things as the Planck mass, Planck length, Planck time, Planck energy, and Planck acceleration.…”

Section: History Of Relativistic Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Lorentz Relativistic Mass Make Dark Energy Superfluous?

Haug

2022

Universe

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This paper shows that a simple and relativistic extension of Newtonian gravity that takes into account Lorentz relativistic mass leads to predictions that fit supernova observations of magnitude versus redshift without the need to introduce dark energy. To test the concept, we look at 580 supernova data points from the Union2 database. Some relativistic extensions of Newtonian gravity have been investigated in the past, but we have reason to believe the efforts were rejected prematurely before their full potential was investigated. Our model suggests that mass, as related to gravity, is also affected by Lorentz relativistic effects, something that is not the case in standard gravity theory, and this adjustment gives supernova predictions that fit the observations. Our model seems very robust with respect to supernova data, as no arbitrary parameters are introduced. Since recent investigations of Lorentz’s relativistic mass also seem to solve other challenges in physics, we think it is worthwhile for the physics community to look into this more carefully, at least before rejecting it based on prejudice. After all, no one has been able to detect dark energy despite massive efforts to do so. Until dark energy is really confirmed, other alternative models should be worth investigating further.

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Three Dimensional Space-Time Gravitational Metric, 3 Space + 3 Time Dimensions

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

Planck Speed: the Missing Speed of Physics? Absolute Still Without Breaking Lorentz Symmetry!

Planck Speed: the Missing Speed of Physics? Absolute Still Without Breaking Lorentz Symmetry!

Wormholes Do Not Exist: They Are Mathematical Artifacts from an Incomplete Gravitational Theory

Does Lorentz Relativistic Mass Make Dark Energy Superfluous?

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