Three-Dimensional Surface Displacement Field Associated with the 25 April 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake: Solution from Integrated InSAR and GPS Measurements with an Extended SISTEM Approach

The PARSIFAL (Probabilistic Approach to pRovide Scenarios of earthquake Induced slope FAiLures) method was applied to the survey of post-earthquake landslides in central Italy for seismic microzonation purposes. In order to optimize time and resources, while also reducing errors, the paper-based method of survey data sheets was translated into digital formats using such instruments as Tablet PCs, GPS and open source software (QGIS). To the base mapping consisting of Technical Regional Map (Carta Tecnica Regionale—CTRs) at the scale of 1:10,000, layers were added with such sensitive information as the Inventory of Landslide Phenomena in Italy (Inventario dei Fenomeni Franosi in Italia—IFFI), for example. A database was designed and implemented in the SQLite/SpatiaLite Relational DataBase Management System (RDBMS) to store data related to such elements as landslides, rock masses, discontinuities and covers (as provided by PARSIFAL). To facilitate capture of the datum on the ground, data entry forms were created with Qt Designer. In addition to this, the employment of some QGIS plug-ins, developed for digital surveying and enabling of quick annotations on the map and the import of images from external cameras, was found to be of considerable use.

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“…Different methods of hazard assessment for earthquake-induced landslides are proposed in the scientific and technical literature [12][13][14].…”

Section: The Parsifal Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Field Data Acquisition Method and Tools for Hazard Evaluation of Earthquake-Induced Landslides with Open Source Mobile GIS

Donatis¹,

Pappafico²,

Romeo³

2019

IJGI

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“…GPS observations can provide 3D surface deformation, but the GPS stations are relatively sparse and have low spatial resolution, which is insufficient to show detailed surface movement. Consequently, many researchers fused these two data sets to infer the 3D surface deformation because InSAR and GPS data can complement each other in spatial and temporal resolutions [25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Displacement Field of Wenchuan Earthquake Based on Iterative Least Squares for Virtual Observation and GPS/InSAR Observations

Xiong

Liu

et al. 2020

Remote Sensing

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The acquisition of a 3D displacement field can help to understand the crustal deformation pattern of seismogenic faults and deepen the understanding of the earthquake nucleation. The data for 3D displacement field extraction are usually from GPS/interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) observations, and the direct solution method is usually adopted. We proposed an iterative least squares for virtual observation (VOILS) based on the maximum a posteriori estimation criterion of Bayesian theorem to correct the errors caused by the GPS displacement interpolation process. Firstly, in the simulation examples, both uniform and non-uniform sampling schemes for GPS observation were used to extract 3D displacement. On the basis of the experimental results of the reverse fault, the normal fault with a strike-slip component, and the strike-slip fault with a reverse component, we found that the VOILS method is better than the direct solution method in both horizontal and vertical directions. When a uniform sampling scheme was adopted, the percentages of improvement for the reverse fault ranged from 3% to 9% and up to 70%, for the normal fault with a strike-slip component ranging from 4% to 8% and up to 68%, and for the strike-slip fault with a reverse component ranging from 1% to 8% and up to 22%. After this, the VOILS method was applied to extract the 3D displacement field of the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. In the East–West (E) direction, the maximum displacement of the hanging wall was 1.69 m and 2.15 m in the footwall. As for the North–South (N) direction, the maximum displacement of the hanging wall was 0.82 m for the southwestern, 0.95 m for the northeastern, while that of the footwall was 0.77 m. In the vertical (U) direction, the maximum uplift was 1.19 m and 0.95 m for the subsidence, which was significantly different from the direct solution method. Finally, the derived vertical displacements were also compared with the ruptures from field investigations, indicating that the VOILS method can reduce the impact of the interpolated errors on parameter estimations to some extent. The simulation experiments and the case study of the 3D displacement field for the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake suggest that the VOILS method proposed in this study is feasible and effective, and the degree of improvement in the vertical direction is particularly significant.

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“…Since the 1980s, the rapid development of satellite technology has led to significant developments in seismic monitoring and geological disaster research. The satellite technology, including Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) [1], Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) [2,3], Gravimetry [4], and Remote Sensing (RS), has been used to detect crustal activity and to identify the relationship between anomalies and fault activities. In 1988, Gorny et al observed thermal infrared radiation (TIR) anomaly phenomena before a strong earthquake in Central Asia and set the stage for using satellite thermal infrared remote sensing to detect pre-earthquake thermal anomalies [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of Extracting Weak Infrared Signals of Rock Induced by Cyclic Loading under the Strong Interference Background

Huang

Liu

et al. 2018

Applied Sciences

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To understand the possibility of monitoring the crustal stress and tectonic activities via satellite remote sensing technology, an experimental study focused on the thermal infrared variation was performed for cyclic loaded rock in the outdoor condition with two types of strong interference background. The stress-induced infrared radiation was extracted using wavelet analysis. The results showed that due to the significant effect of the ambient temperature, the weak stress-induced infrared signal was indistinguishable from the original infrared radiation. However, after wavelet decomposition, the infrared radiation concurrent with the change in stress became clear, and the correlation coefficient with the stress increased significantly with the value of 0.91 after decomposition. Additionally, the amplitude of the extracted stress-induced infrared signal was close to the theoretical result, indicating that the wavelet analysis method can extract the weak infrared signals induced by cyclic loading in the background of strong interference to some degree. The results provide an experimental basis and ideas for monitoring crustal stress and tectonic activities using thermal infrared remote sensing.

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Three-Dimensional Surface Displacement Field Associated with the 25 April 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake: Solution from Integrated InSAR and GPS Measurements with an Extended SISTEM Approach

Cited by 16 publications

References 42 publications

A Field Data Acquisition Method and Tools for Hazard Evaluation of Earthquake-Induced Landslides with Open Source Mobile GIS

A Field Data Acquisition Method and Tools for Hazard Evaluation of Earthquake-Induced Landslides with Open Source Mobile GIS

3D Displacement Field of Wenchuan Earthquake Based on Iterative Least Squares for Virtual Observation and GPS/InSAR Observations

Experimental Study of Extracting Weak Infrared Signals of Rock Induced by Cyclic Loading under the Strong Interference Background

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