“…In addition to the above studies, there are numerous investigations [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] that pertain to study the effect of different weld sequencing, weld process parameters, boundary conditions, heat input, number of weld passes, influence of pipe radius to thickness ratio, effect of weld metal yield stress, dissimilar pipe materials, phase transformation effects, post weld heat treatments, stress distributions near weld start/end location for the circumferential joining of cylindrical components. As well as, weld temperature characteristics and residual stress distributions are described through numerical analysis with experimental validation.…”