Three-dimensional transcranial Doppler blood flow mapping in patients with cerebrovascular disorders.

Niederkorn, Kurt; Myers, L G; Nunn, Cathy; Ball, M. R.; McKinney, William Mark

doi:10.1161/01.str.19.11.1335

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…TCI allows actual visualization of blood flow within the basal cerebral arteries. Earlier attempts to image tbe circle of Willis were made using three-dimensional TCD blood flow mapping [16]. With this method, however, topographic data can only be obtained by investigating each vessel step by step, at different depths.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Measurements of Blood Flow Velocity in Basal Cerebral Arteries with Transcranial Duplex Color‐Flow Imaging: A Comparative Study with Conventional Transcranial Doppler Sonography

Bartels

Flügel

1994

Journal of Neuroimaging

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Transcranial duplex color-flow imaging is a new diagnostic method that allows visual display of blood flow in the basal cerebral arteries. This method allows determination of and correction for the Doppler angle of insonation. Conventional transcranial Doppler sonography has no imaging component and assumes a 0-degree Doppler angle for the calculation of flow velocities. The magnitude of the angle of insonation and the effect on flow velocity estimates have not been clearly defined. In order to evaluate the angle of insonation and the effect of angle correction on velocity readings, 50 patients referred for evaluation of cerebrovascular disease were studied. The mean age was 45 years (range, 24-62 yr). All were examined with conventional transcranial Doppler and transcranial duplex color-flow imaging. Specific vessels of the circle of Willis were identified by location, course, and direction of flow on color-flow images and by depth, direction of flow, and transducer orientation with conventional Doppler sonography. Visually controlled measurements of the Doppler angle of insonation were made by color-flow imaging. The data show that the mean angle of insonation was 33 degrees (+/- 15) in the middle cerebral artery, 35 degrees (+/- 17) in the anterior cerebral artery, 45 degrees (+/- 18) in the posterior cerebral artery, and 15 degrees (+/- 14) in the basilar artery. Angle-corrected peak systolic flow velocities were higher in all vessel segments (middle cerebral = 15%, anterior cerebral = 18%, posterior cerebral = 30%, and basilar = 3%), compared to uncorrected velocity readings by conventional Doppler sonography.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Measurements of Blood Flow Velocity in Basal Cerebral Arteries with Transcranial Duplex Color‐Flow Imaging: A Comparative Study with Conventional Transcranial Doppler Sonography

Bartels

Flügel

1994

Journal of Neuroimaging

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“…Doppler sonography examination of intracranial arteries by hand-held transducers often requires such tests which -although performed low in the neck -involve a small risk of embolism from ulcerated plaques in the carotid arteries. Comparison of Doppler and angiographic findings confirmed computer-assisted Doppler flow mapping as a reliable method for topographically accurate investigation of intracranial arteries [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Transcranial Doppler ultrasound in internal carotid artery and middle cerebral artery disease

et al. 1992

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Using noninvasive transcranial Doppler sonography, we studied cerebral collateral patterns in 30 patients with stenosis and/or occlusion of the extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA). All patients with unilateral ICA stenosis less than or equal to 80% had normal transcranial Doppler findings. 80% of patients with unilateral and 50% of patients with bilateral ICA stenosis of more than 80% including those with occlusion showed a collateralization via the ipsilateral anterior and/or posterior cerebral artery. 20% of patients with unilateral and 50% of patients with bilateral ICA stenoses of more than 80% (including occlusion) had two or three collateral pathways, including the ophthalmic artery. Another ten patients with stenosis or spasm of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) showed increased flow velocities with turbulence in the narrow segment. In four patients with severe MCA disease with a systolic peak velocity of more than 200 cm/s, the Doppler waveform distal to the lesion was damped. Decreased regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measured by 99mTc-HMPAO-SPECT was found in two patients with severe MCA stenosis. Another patient with moderate MCA stenosis with a systolic peak velocity of 140 cm/s showed a normal cerebral perfusion pattern.

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“…6 The subject was first placed in a supine horizontal posture with the head within a stereotactic headpiece, which was secured in the position to be maintained throughout the examination. Head holders made of expanded polystyrene were used to prevent any additional movement.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fourier analysis of the cerebrovascular system.

Njemanze

Beck

Gomez

et al. 1991

Stroke

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We performed Fourier analysis of the middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity waveform envelope in 14 normal subjects (group A) and 15 patients, of whom five had arteriovenous malformations (group B), five had cerebral vasospasm (group C), and five had arterial hypertension (group D). Measurements were obtained under conditions of normocapnia, hypercapnia, and hypocapnia. The Fourier coefficients measured in the first five harmonics of the Doppler waveforms of group A were used as the reference baseline and were compared with the coefficients found in the other three groups. Group B showed significantly lower Fourier coefficients, while groups C and D showed higher coefficients (p<0.05). The elevation of the Fourier coefficients occurred in an alternating pattern in group C and a decremental pattern in group D. This distinction was attributed to possible differences in the underlying pathophysiological processes. The degree of vascular distensibility of the cerebral arterioles, inferred from the shape of the Fourier analysis curves, was compared in all four groups. Vascular distensibility was characterized as abnormal in arteriovenous malformations, vasospasm, and arterial hypertension. Fourier coefficients may be better indicators of cerebrovascular abnormalities than mean blood flow velocity in hypertension and pulsatUity index in arteriovenous malformations, vasospasm, and hypertension. (Stroke 1991^2:721-726)

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Three-dimensional transcranial Doppler blood flow mapping in patients with cerebrovascular disorders.

Cited by 33 publications

References 31 publications

Quantitative Measurements of Blood Flow Velocity in Basal Cerebral Arteries with Transcranial Duplex Color‐Flow Imaging: A Comparative Study with Conventional Transcranial Doppler Sonography

Quantitative Measurements of Blood Flow Velocity in Basal Cerebral Arteries with Transcranial Duplex Color‐Flow Imaging: A Comparative Study with Conventional Transcranial Doppler Sonography

Transcranial Doppler ultrasound in internal carotid artery and middle cerebral artery disease

Fourier analysis of the cerebrovascular system.

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