Three-Dimensional Transthoracic Echocardiographic Assessment of Aortic Stenosis and Regurgitation

Feasibility of Using Real Time “Live 3D” Echocardiography to Visualize the Stenotic Aortic Valve

“…It is not surprising that this 3D approach was able to visualize and measure the stenotic aortic valve more often than did transthoracic 2D echocardiography. The stenotic aortic valve is likely irregular and the flow limiting orifice is probably not planar 15,16 . The flow restricting orifice frequently is not bounded by structures in the same 2D plane.…”

“…Another advantage of 3DTTE is the ability to estimate the AV orifice area in patients who have combined AS and other stenotic lesions in tandem such as supravalvular stenosis and discrete subaortic stenosis. Furthermore, measurements such as LVOT width and LVOT/AV velocity that can introduce significant errors in calculating the aortic valve orifice area using the CE are not needed with 3DTTE 16 . Nevertheless, the use of full‐volume 3D echocardiography to measure AS AVA 17,18 can be cumbersome as it requires a separate examination, a huge amount of 3D digital data that can overwhelm a routine study, and time‐consuming analysis using specialized proprietary software.…”

Simulation for transthoracic echocardiography of aortic valve

“…Spectral and color flow Doppler demonstrates characteristic appearances with stenotic flow [ Figure 12 ]. [ 9 10 ]…”

Tredimensjonal ultralydundersøkelse i kardiologisk diagnostikk

“…Det foreligger flere studier om evaluering av aortastenoser både med direkte planimetri (16)(17)(18)(19) og med tredimensjonal fargedoppler for bestemmelse av slagvolum og derivering av arealet med kontinuitetslikningen (16,20). Spesielt ved forekomst av septumvalk, noe som er vanlig hos eldre, var sistnevnte metode mer presis enn bruk av tradisjonell todimensjonal ekkokardiografi (20).…”