Three-Dimensional Vehicle-to-Vehicle Channel Modeling with Multiple Moving Scatterers

Abstract

Connected vehicles have received much attention in recent years due to their significant societal benefit and commercial value. However, a suitable channel model for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications is difficult to build due to the dynamic communication environment. In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) geometrical propagation model that includes line-of-sight (LoS), single bounced (SB), and multiple bounced (MB) rays is proposed. Each of multiple scatterers in the model is moving with a random velocity in a random direction. Based on the geometrical propagation model, a generalized 3D reference model for narrowband multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) V2V multipath fading channels is developed. The corresponding spacetime correlation functions (ST-CFs), time correlation functions (T-CFs), and space correlation functions (S-CFs) are analytically investigated and numerically simulated in terms of various factors. Several notable ST-CFs for V2V and fixed-to-mobile (F2M) communications become the special cases of ST-CFs of the proposed model by adjusting the corresponding channel parameters. Finally, the theoretical results of the space-Doppler power spectral density (SD-PSD) are compared with the available measured data. The close agreements between the theoretical and measured SD-PSD curves confirm the utility and generality of the proposed model.

3-D V2v Mimo Channel Modeling in Different Roadway Scenarios With Moving Scatterers

“…7. The mean relative deviation of the modeled D-PSDs and theoretical D-PSDs in [17] and [10] are 2.75%, 3.9% and 8.32%, respectively. As shown in Fig.…”

“…D-PSD is one of the most important and unique channel characteristics for V2V communication channels. To illustrate the validity of the proposed model, we compare the modeled D-PSDs of the 3-D V2V moving scattering channel in flat road scenarios with the theoretical V2V D-PSDs described in [10] and [17] and the measured V2V D-PSD described in [19]. Figure 7 demonstrates the comparison among the modeled D-PSD obtained from the Fourier transform of the ST-CF presented in Eq.…”

“…The theoretical D-PSD in [10] reproduced here is based on the two-cylinder model with moving and stationary scatterers for d R = d T = 0. The theoretical D-PSD in [17] reproduced here is based on the generic MIMO V2V fading channel model with multiple moving scatterers for d R = d T = 0. The channel measurements in [19] for the measured D-PSD were collected at 2.435 GHz in the urban street surface environment, and the spacing between two adjacent antenna elements of T X and R X was set to zero.…”

“…The 3-D isotropic moving scattering was considered,and a generic statistical characterization of the V2V SISO channel was presented by adopting a stochastic modeling approach in [16]. A 3-D generic MIMO V2V fading channel model that includes line-of-sight (LoS), single bounced (SB), and multiple bounced (MB) rays was proposed in [17]. All previously reported 2-D and 3-D moving scattering models have assumed that the transceiver moves with a constant velocity in a constant direction.…”

Power Spectral Density of V2V Communication System in the Presence of Moving Scatterers

“…In a different model, V2V modeling using geometrical street model is defined by [13], encompassing moving and fix scatterers in the highway propagation environment. In [14], this model is developed using a three-dimensional (3D) geometrical propagation model that includes line-ofsight (LOS), single bounced (SB), and multiple bounced (MB) rays. In subsequent modeling, [15] developed the V2V model by emphasizing the Doppler effect due to moving scatterers.…”