Three-dimensional visual stimulator

Abstract

We describe a newly developed three-dimensional visual stimulator (TVS) that can change independently the directions, distances, sizes, luminance, and varieties of two sets of targets for both eyes. It consists of liquid crystal projectors (LCP's) that generate the flexible images of targets, Badal otometers that change target distances without changing the visual angles, and relay-lens systems that change target directions. A special control program is developed for real-time control of six motors and two LCP's in the TVS together with a three-dimensional optometer III that simultaneously measures eye movement, accommodation, pupil diameter, and head movement. The TVS measurement ranges are as follows: distance, 0 to -20 D; direction, ±16° horizontally and ±15° vertically; size, 0-2° visual angle; and luminance, 10(-2)-10(2) cd/m(2). The target images are refreshed at 60 Hz and speeds with which the target makes a smooth change (ramp stimuli) are as follows: distance, 5 D/s; direction, 30°/s, size, 10°/s. A simple application demonstrates the performance.

LP‐1: Late‐News Poster: Strong Accommodation Bias to a Collimated Retinal Scanned Light Display

“…Recent research suggests [5,6] that video displays, especially near-eye displays, elicit non-veridical accommodation in users. This study suggests that retinal scanned light displays can elicit a particularly strong accommodative response, perhaps because they can display images with pictorial depth cues under approximate open-loop viewing conditions.…”

Autostereoscopic, Partial Pixel, Spatially Multiplexed, and other 3D Display Technologies

“…Some of the dynamic, 3D display techniques developed prior to the mid-1990s included holographic movies, aperture synthetic 3D display systems, partial pixel stereoscopic display systems, LCD stereoscopic display systems with diffractive optical elements, polarized stereoscopic display systems, color-coded (red-blue) stereoscopic display systems, and virtual reality (VR) rendering systems (Joachimowicz and Gold, 1990;Palais and Miller, 1996;Ernst et al, 1996;Kulick et al, 1995;Travis, 1990;MacFarlane 1994;St. Hilaire et al, 1992;Takeda et al, 1995). Some of these techniques have been applied to developing graphical interfaces for computer games such as VR simulation systems and colorcoded stereograms applied to a traditional CRT monitor.…”

“…Although more recently developed LCD stereoscopic systems are designed with multiple viewing windows to allow autostereoscopic display, it is achieved at the price of pixel density. There are also stereoscopic systems equipped with head-or eye-tracking capabilities to achieve the desired autostereoscopic effect (Takeda et al, 1995;Mortensen, 1996).…”