Three-Dimensional Visualization Technology Used in Pancreatic Surgery: a Valuable Tool for Surgical Trainees

Abstract

Purpose Three-dimensional (3D) visualization technology has been increasingly applied in patient-specific surgeries, but its value in residency training has not been determined. This study aimed to explore the value of 3D visualized pancreatic model in tumor evaluation and surgery planning for surgical trainees. Methods Eighty-eight surgical residents were randomized into two groups (computed tomography (CT) group and 3D group). Both groups began with a training on evaluating the resectability of pancreatic tumor, which was based on the NCCN clinical practice guidelines and practiced on a sample case. Then, they respectively learned the sample case either on 3D reconstruction visualization tables or CT images. Finally, both groups completed a same test consisting of two pancreatic cases with CT images as well as questionnaires. Results No differences were found in scores of the anatomy and diagnosis part, while mean scores for questions, associated with tumor staging and surgery planning, were consistently and significantly higher in the 3D group. In addition, participants in 3D group agreed that 3D technology was more beneficial in understanding and making pancreatic surgery planning. Conclusion The 3D visualization table may be a potential supplemental learning tool in building anatomy-image-surgery knowledge system and thus making surgery planning for surgical trainees.

The Predictive Value of 3D Imaging Recostruction Models in Patients with Vascular Resection for Pancreatic Surgery.

“…In recent years 3D modelling have gaining acceptance above all in general surgery, allowing better visualisation and comprehending the internal anatomy, in particular in hepatic el [8][9]. The application and Digital intelligent diagnostic may, individualized display of both complex internal anatomy and spatial information and its surrounding organs enables surgeons to obtain relatively comprehensive information available for assisting clinical decision-making [10][11]. Three-dimensional visualization has a great potential in displaying lesion information and guiding diagnosis and treatment.…”

“…Also in pancreatic nal 3D reconstruction technique, combining images captured from CT, MRI, PET-CT or PET-MRI and it may be able to better understand complex anatomical relation and above all to evaluate with more accuracy vascular involvement [12][13][14].…”

3D preoperative assessment for locally advanced pancreatic cancer undergoing modified-Appleby procedure with reversed autologous arterial graft reconstruction: A case report

“…Pancreatic high-definition 3D reconstruction based on ceCTscan is a recently developed tool that is gaining increasing attention. While its usefulness in resident training is already demonstrated [11], its importance in defining the tumors anatomical characteristics has not been definitely confirmed. In particular, there is a lack of evidence in weather 3D reconstruction could refine the preoperative staging in borderline situations.…”

Current trends in three-dimensional visualization and real-time navigation as well as robot-assisted technologies in hepatobiliary surgery

“…Nakayama et al [ 13 ] retrospectively analyzed 240 consecutive patients undergoing liver resection and demonstrated the effectiveness of 3D simulation to help surgeons effectively reduce operative time. Lin et al [ 17 ] explored the value of 3D visualization in pancreatic resection and validated the effectiveness of 3D visualization images to help surgeons plan surgery.…”

“…The development and application of visualization images has changed the paradigm of surgery and can also help inexperienced surgeons to learn with simulation, improved safety, reduced intraoperative risk and to some extent reduced postoperative complications[ 12 , 17 , 18 ].…”